Network Terms Flashcards
Understand computer network terminology
1000baseCx (copper) Ethernet Standard
Uses copper coaxial cable called twinax. 25 meters between switch and nodes.
1000baseLx Ethernet Standard
Uses Fiber optic single-mode cable. Maximum of 5 kilometers between switch and node.
1000baseSx Ethernet Standard
Uses Fiber optic multi-mode cable. Maximum of 500 meters between switch and node.
1000baseT (copper) Ethernet Standard
Uses UTP cable, minimum CAT5e, but today we use CAT6. Standard 100 meters between hub and nodes
100BaseFx Ethernet Standard
Uses Fiber Optic multi-mode cable. Speed of 100mb/second. Max of 1024 nodes per hub/switch. Max of 2 kilometers between the hub/switch and each node. Full duplex
100BaseTx (copper) Ethernet Standard
Uses UTP Cat5e cable. 100mb/second speed. Max of 1024 nodes per hub/switch. Max of 100 meters between the hub/switch and each node. Full duplex. 100BaseT is the same as 100BaseTx.
10base2 Segmented Ethernet
Old type of Ethernet from before the invention of hubs. Uses BNC connectors. On each NIC, use a T-connector first, then connect BNC. Required daisy-chaining of nodes. Max 200 meter segment, though really only 185 meters. Requires terminating resistors at each end of the segment (on t-connector of the NICs at either end). Could support up to 30 devices. Uses CSMA/CD (half-duplex)
10base5 Segmented Ethernet
Obsolete type of Ethernet from before the invention of hubs. Runs at 10MB/second. Can only be one segment with max length of 500 metres. Uses transceivers, vampire connections, CSMA/CD (half-duplex)
10baseT Segmented Ethernet
The basis of our modern Ethernet networks, featuring a bus-in-a-box called a hub. Developed to compete with IBM’s Token Ring. Max 100 meters between hub/switch and nodes. Instead of expensive coaxial cabling, uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Cat3 or better. Maximum of 1024 nodes per hub/switch. CSMA/CD (half duplex)
10GbaseER Ethernet or 10GbaseEW SONET
Uses 1550 nanometer single-mode fiber optic cable. 40 kilometers between switch and nodes. (1550 is the light wave-length) (ER extended range)
10GbaseLR Ethernet or 10GbaseLW SONET
Uses 1310 nanometer single-mode fiber optic cable. (1310 is the light wave-length) 10 kilometers between switch and nodes. LR means Long Range
10GbaseSR Ethernet or 10GbaseSW SONET
Uses Fiber Optic multi-mode cable. Varies from 26 meters to 400 meters depending on cable type (light wave-length capacity)
10GbaseT Ethernet Standard
Intended for UTP Cat6 (limited to 55 meters), but today we use CAT6a (standard 100 meters).
Backbone
High-speed switches connecting secondary switches
Bridge Loop
Incorrectly connecting switches to form a loop. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) fixes these by turning off ports
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
Required on Segmented Ethernet networks. Carrier Sense means hosts listen for no “talk” before they “talk.” Upon collision, NICs generate a random number, then wait that long in mili-seconds before re-transmitting. Half duplex.
Client
PC that requests services from other devices
Cross-over Cable
Used to connect 2 switches, without using the “uplink” feature. Wiring is the opposite at each end. Plug either end into any port
Ethernet
The set of standards developed by IEEE, in Feb 1980, delineating the designs for network components, called IEEE 802.3. Describes cable designs, frame designs, connector designs, protocols (?), etc. Cable nomenclature is 10BASE5 or 10Broad5, etc.
Ethernet Frame
From IEEE 802.3 network standards. Max 1500 bytes. Contains MAC address?
Ethernet Hub
Multiport repeater. Connectivity device that allows hosts to connect to resources on a network. Layer 1
Ethernet Standard Nomenclature
Example: 10GbaseT BASE means one channel, BROAD means multiple channels. 1st # is speed in MB/Second. Last # is max cable length in Meters (mostly obsolete) Ending in T means it uses unshielded Twisted Pair cable. Others are 100base, 1000base and 1Gbase
Full Duplex Mode
Simultaneous sending and receiving
Gigabit Ethernet
Developed in 1990s. 1000baseXX 1GB/second speed
Half Duplex Mode
Can only send or receive not both at the same time. Uses CSMA/CD
Host
Network devices, including workstations and servers, with IP addresses
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Used via port 80 for browser/web
Internet
A public internetwork connecting many public and private networks
Internetwork
LAN and/or WAN connecting multiple networks (intranets), such as the Internet
Local Area Network (LAN)
Network that spans a particular geographic location such as an office building, a single department in a corporate office, or even a home office
MAC Address
Media Access Control address. Firmware on the ROM chip contains this unique identifier with a 48-bit value.
Multilayer Switch
A switch that provides Layer 3 (routing) functions. (See also SWITCH)
Network
2 or more connected computers that can share resources, such as data, office machines, an internet connection, etc. (See also LAN, WAN)
NIC
Network Interface Card that connects PC to network. Layer 1 or Layer 2. Unique MAC address
OSI Model
?
Router
Device that connects LAN/WANs together. Layer 3
Segmented Ethernet
Older type of Ethernet network. No switches or hubs. Just 1 long bus usually in ceiling. Connect PCs on drops using Transceivers and drops, or daisy-chains. Uses CSMA/CD.
Server
Powerful, highly specialized computers that serve many client machines. Run a network operating system to maintain & control the network
Server, Application
Powerful computer running a network operating system. Manages network applications
Server, Fax
Sends and receives paper-less faxes over the network
Server, File
Stores and dispenses files
Server, Mail
Handles email functions
Server, Print
Manages printers on the network
Server, Proxy
Handles tasks in place of other machines on the network, particularly an Internet connection
Server, Telephony
Handles the call center and call routing
Server, web
Manages web-based activities by running HTTP for storing web content and accessing we pages
SONET
Non-Ethernet technology used in tier 1 applications such as the internet backbone
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
Used by switches to recognize and stop bridge loops by turning off ports
Straight-thru Cable
Same wiring on both ends
Switch
Connectivity devices that allows hosts to connect to resources on a network. Layer 1
TCP Network Model
?
Terminating Resistor
Required for 10BASE2 ethernet cabling, at each end of cable segment.
Token Ring
Network type. Competitor to Ethernet by IBM from late 1980s. Host or cable failures no longer crashed whole network. Expensive, proprietary, but ROBUST. Connect computers to MSAU (Multi Station Access Unit)
Topology
A type of map. Can be logical or physical
Topology Types
Physical: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Hybrid, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint
Topology, Bus
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Transciever
Used on 10BASE5 ethernet bus to drop down to each node
Twinax Cable
Copper-based coaxial cable used with 1000baseCX
Uplink Port
Port on a switch that is wired crossed, so it can connect 2 switches without needing a crossover cable, which are mostly obsolete now
UTP Cable
Unshielded twisted pair cable.
Wide Area Network
Network that employs both routers and public links to span large geographic areas
Workgroup
A set of devices with no security association with one another (as compared to a Domain). Or a logical device group used to make administration easier, often separate LANs
Workstation
Powerful PC whose resources are available to other machines
