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Network + (N10-009) > Network Services > Flashcards

Network Services Flashcards

1
Q

What are network services?

A

Functions provided by the network infrastructure to support communication and operations.

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2
Q

What are examples of network services?

A
  • DHCP (IP assignment)
  • DNS (name resolution)
  • NTP (time sync)
  • QoS (traffic prioritization)
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3
Q

Which CompTIA Network+ domains cover network services?

A
  • Domain 1 (Networking Concepts)
  • Domain 3 (Network Operations)
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4
Q

What is the main purpose of DHCP?

A

To automatically assign IP addresses and configuration settings to devices.

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5
Q

What are three benefits of using DHCP?

A
  • Reduces manual configuration
  • Prevents IP conflicts
  • Supports centralized management
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6
Q

What is the DORA process in DHCP?

A

Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge.

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7
Q

What is a DHCP scope?

A

The range of assignable IP addresses.

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8
Q

What is a reservation in DHCP?

A

A specific IP address permanently assigned to a device’s MAC address.

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9
Q

What happens when DHCP fails?

A

The device gets an APIPA address (169.254.x.x) and cannot access the internet.

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10
Q

What is the function of a DHCP relay agent (IP helper)?

A

Forwards DHCP traffic across subnets.

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11
Q

What ports does DHCP use?

A

UDP ports 67 (server) and 68 (client).

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12
Q

What is SLAAC used for?

A

IPv6 address assignment without the need for a DHCP server.

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13
Q

How does SLAAC work?

A

Devices create a link-local address, then receive prefix info from a router, and generate a unique IP using EUI-64 or random ID.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)?

A

Ensures no other device is using the same IPv6 address.

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15
Q

What are the benefits of SLAAC?

A
  • No DHCP server required
  • Scalable
  • Reduces IP conflicts
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16
Q

What is the primary purpose of DNS?

A

To resolve domain names into IP addresses.

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17
Q

What is the DNS hierarchy?

A

Root → TLD (.com, .org) → Second-Level Domains → Subdomains → Hosts.

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18
Q

What does an ‘A’ record do?

A

Maps a domain to an IPv4 address.

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19
Q

What does an ‘AAAA’ record do?

A

Maps a domain to an IPv6 address.

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20
Q

What is a CNAME record used for?

A

Creates an alias for another domain.

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21
Q

What is an MX record?

A

Specifies the mail server for email routing.

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22
Q

What is a PTR record?

A

Performs reverse DNS (IP to domain name).

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23
Q

What does a TXT record store?

A

Info like SPF, DKIM, or DMARC for domain validation and email security.

24
Q

What is an SOA record?

A

Contains admin information and authority details for the domain.

25
What is FQDN?
Fully Qualified Domain Name (e.g., www.diontraining.com).
26
What is TTL in DNS?
Time to Live – how long a record is cached.
27
What’s the difference between recursive and iterative DNS lookups?
* Recursive: DNS server resolves entire query * Iterative: client queries multiple servers.
28
What are three DNS threats?
* DNS spoofing * Cache poisoning * Host file manipulation
29
What does DNSSEC do?
Validates DNS records using digital signatures (not encryption).
30
What is DoH?
DNS over HTTPS – encrypts DNS queries in HTTPS traffic.
31
What is DoT?
DNS over TLS – encrypts DNS separately from HTTPS.
32
What are the steps in DNS resolution?
* Client queries local DNS * Local DNS → Root * Root → TLD * TLD → Authoritative server * DNS response returned * Client initiates connection (e.g., HTTP)
33
What protocols can you observe in DNS resolution?
* ARP (yellow) * DNS (brown) * HTTP (purple)
34
What is the purpose of NTP?
To synchronize time across network devices (UDP port 123).
35
What are the stratum levels in NTP?
* 0: Atomic clocks * 1: Directly connected to stratum 0 * 2–15: Further downstream * 16: Unsynchronized
36
What is PTP used for?
Sub-microsecond time precision in financial and scientific networks.
37
What is NTS?
A secure version of NTP that uses TLS and AEAD for integrity.
38
What is the goal of QoS?
To prioritize important network traffic for better performance (e.g., VoIP, video).
39
What are the three core QoS metrics?
* Delay * Jitter * Packet loss
40
What defines effective bandwidth?
The slowest link in the path (bottleneck).
41
What is Best Effort QoS?
No prioritization—lowest efficiency.
42
What is IntServ (Integrated Services)?
Hard QoS – reserves fixed bandwidth; low efficiency.
43
What is DiffServ (Differentiated Services)?
Soft QoS – dynamically prioritizes traffic; highly efficient.
44
Which traffic gets highest priority in QoS?
VoIP and real-time applications.
45
What is classification in QoS?
Identifying traffic types (e.g., VoIP, HTTP).
46
What is marking in QoS?
Labeling packets (e.g., DSCP, ToS).
47
What are congestion management techniques?
Queuing mechanisms like WFQ, LLQ, and WRR.
48
What is RED in QoS?
Random Early Detection – drops low-priority packets to avoid congestion.
49
What is policing in QoS?
Drops excess traffic on high-speed links.
50
What is shaping in QoS?
Buffers excess traffic on low-speed links.
51
What is link efficiency in QoS?
Compression or fragmentation of data to optimize performance (especially for VoIP).
52
What process does DHCP use to assign IPs?
DORA – Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge.
53
What allows IPv6 devices to self-configure?
SLAAC.
54
How does DNS resolve domain names?
Via a hierarchical system of servers and various record types (A, MX, CNAME, etc.).
55
What protocols enhance DNS security?
* DNSSEC * DoH * DoT
56
What protocol keeps network clocks in sync?
NTP (or PTP/NTS for higher accuracy/security).
57
What does QoS prioritize and how?
Critical traffic (like VoIP) using delay, jitter, and packet loss metrics with mechanisms like DSCP, LLQ, RED.

Network + (N10-009) (8 decks)

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