Network Nuclei

Question 1

Lc

Answer 1

Locus coeruleus

Question 2

nR

Answer 2

Raphe nuc.

Question 3

PPN

Answer 3

Pronto-peduncular nuc

Question 4

NB

Answer 4

Nucleus Basalis (of Meynert)

Question 5

ILn

Answer 5

Intralaminar nuc.

Question 6

TRn

Answer 6

Thalami reticular nuc.

Question 7

T-Mn

Answer 7

Tubers-mamillary nucleus

Question 8

VTA

Answer 8

Ventral tegmental area

Question 9

nAc

Answer 9

Nucleus accumbens

Question 10

SN

Answer 10

Substantia nigra

Question 11

ARAS

Answer 11

Ascending reticular activating system

Question 12

ARAS includes what two nuclei?

Answer 12

Intralaminar thalami nuclei (ILn) and thalami reticular nucleus (TRn)

Question 13

What is the significance of the thalamic ARAS?

Answer 13

All 5 of the single source divergent networks communicate via axonal projections with the thalamic ARAS

Question 14

Neurons from the TRn tend to be

Answer 14

GABAergic, or inhibitory

Question 15

Main nuclei of the Norepinepherine/Noradrenaline (NE/NA) system

Answer 15

Locus coeruleus

Question 17

The NE/NA system with ____ nucleus projects everywhere except:

Answer 17

Lc nucleus
DOES NOT: Brainstem and spinal cord

DOES:
Cerebellum
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Amygdala
Thalamus (ARAS)

Question 18

Locus soeruleus (Lc) is a paired brainstem nuclei in what location?

Answer 18

Rostral pons

Question 19

Locus coeruleus is associated with what neurotransmitter

Answer 19

Norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Question 20

Action of Norepinephrine/noradrenaline is [excitatory/inhibitory/both]

Answer 20

Both

Question 21

The main nuclei of the histamine (His) system?

Answer 21

Tuberomammillary nucleus (TMn)

Question 22

Location of the Tuberomammillary nucleus (TMn)?

Answer 22

Hypothalamus

Question 23

The effects of histamine in the CNA are [excitatory/inhibitory/both]

Answer 23

Excitatory only

Question 24

Histamine system with ___ nucleus projects everywhere except:

Answer 24

TMn
DOES NOT: hypothalamus, amygdala

DOES: Brainstem
Spinal cord
Hippocampus
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Thalamus (ARAS)

Question 25

unique functions of histamine system:

Answer 25

Energy homeostasis

Circadian rhythms

Question 26

Main nuclei of the Serotonin (5-HT) System?

Answer 26

Raphe nuclei (nR)

Question 27

Where is the Raphe nuclei (nR) located?

Answer 27

Brainstem extending from pons to midbrain

Question 28

5HT system with ____ nucleus projects everywhere EXCEPT:

Answer 28

nR DOES NOT: hippocampus, amygdala ``` DOES: Brainstem Spinal cord Cerebellum Hypothalamus Cerebrum Thalamus (ARAS) ```

Question 29

Unique Function of the 5HT system:

Answer 29

``` Behavioral inhibition Negative emotions along with NE/NA Deep sleep (non-REM) along with NE/NA ```

Question 30

5HT is [excitatory/inhibitory/both]

Answer 30

Both

Question 31

Unique functions of NE/NA system:

Answer 31

- Processes negative emotions along with 5-HT - Deep sleep (non-REM) along with 5-HT - Cognitive performance

Question 32

Main nuclei of the Acetylcholine (ACh) System?

Answer 32

Nucleus basalis (NB) and Pontopeducular nucleus (PPN)

Question 33

ACh system with ___ and _____ nucleus projects everywhere EXCEPT

Answer 33

NB and PPN DOES NOT: cerebellum, amygdala, brainstem, spinal cord ``` DOES: Hippocampus Hypothalamus Cerebrum Thalamus (ARAS) ```

Question 34

Location of the nucleus basalis (NB)

Answer 34

Below anterior part of the thalamus and lenticular nucleus within the anterior perforated substance

Question 35

Where is the pontopeduncular nucleus (PPN) located?

Answer 35

Midbrain, adjacent to substantia nigra

Question 36

Unique function of the ACh system?

Answer 36

Control of REM sleep

Question 37

Is the ACh system [excitatory/inhibitory/both]?

Answer 37

Excitatory only at NMJ and both at the brain

Question 38

Dopamine (DA) system is associated with what nuclei?

Answer 38

``` Nucleus accumbens (nAc) Ventral tegmental area (VTA) Substantial nigra (SN) ```

Question 39

Where is the VTA and substantia nigra?

Answer 39

Midbrain

Question 40

Where is the nAc?

Answer 40

Basal forebrain

Question 41

DA system with _____ and _____ and ____ nuclei projects everywhere except:

Answer 41

VTA, nRC, SN DOES NOT: cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord ``` DOES: Cerebrum Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus (ARAS) ```

Question 42

Unique DA system functions:

Answer 42

- “positive reward network” | - Modulates positive emotions