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Neurophysiology > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define pain

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

Pain vs nociception

A

Pain is subjective experience while nociception is the neural processes.

Long version:

  • Pain is conscious experience resulting from brain activity in response to noxious stimuli and engages sensory, emotional, cognitive processes of brain
  • Nociception is process by which info about noxious stimulus is conveyed to the brain: the total sum of neural activity that occurs prior to cognitive processes that enable humans to identify a sensation as pain
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3
Q

Is pain sensation implied with nociception?

A

No

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4
Q

A high-threshold sensory receptor of peripheral somatosensory nervous system that is capable of transduction and encoding noxious stimuli

A

Nociceptor

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5
Q

A stimulus that is damaging or threatens damage to normal tissues

A

Noxious stimulus

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6
Q

-algia

A

Localized pain without knowing cause: e.g. lumbalgia

Increase or decrease in pain: hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia

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7
Q

Antalgic/analgesic

A

Pertaining to reduction of perceived pain

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8
Q

Parenthesis

A

Abnormal sensation

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9
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

Decrease in sensitivity to stimulation, excluding special senses

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10
Q

Hypoalgesia

A

Decrease in pain in response to noxious stimulus

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11
Q

Anesthesia

A

Absence of all sensation

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12
Q

Analgesia

A

Absence of pain in response to stimulation which would be painful

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13
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding special senses

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14
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

Increased pain from stimulus that provokes pain

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15
Q

Allodynia

A

Pain due to stimulus that does not provoke pain

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16
Q

Perception of pain is paradoxical in 3 respects

A
  • Adaptiveness
  • Lack of clear cortical representation
  • Presence of descending pain control mechanisms
17
Q

17th century philosopher that said mind and body were separate entities in a “mind-body” theory

A

Rene Descartes

Body is a machine governed by the mind/soul

18
Q

Biomedical model

A

Assumption: each disease process results from unique underlying pathoanatomical/pathophysiological lesion

19
Q

Biopsychosocial (BPS) model

A

Current understanding:

3 main components of painful experience

  • biological
  • psychological
  • social
20
Q

CIP

A

Congenital insensitivity to pain

21
Q

Biological factors of the BPS model include:

A 
A&P
Neuroanatomy/neurophysiology
Inflammatory processes
Genetics
Family history
Age
Sex
Race
Pre-existing medical conditions
22
Q

Psychological component of BPS system include

A 
Attitudes
Beliefs
Behaviors and coping strategies
Perceptions
Cognition/thought patterns
Emotional state (depression, stress)
23
Q

Social component of BPS model include

A

Previously learned info regarding health, disease and pain
Cultural background
Social/community support and interactions
Family influence and support
Financial influences
Workplace environment

24
Q

What is the tissue state of nociceptive transient pain vs acute vs chronic pain?

A

Noci - normal
Acute - inflamed
Chronic - injury to nervous system

25
Q

What is the physiologic change of nociceptive transient pain vs acute vs chronic pain?

A

Noci - normal
Acute - increased excitation or decreased inhibition of nociceptors
Chronic - cellular structural changes

26
Q

What is the PNS plasticity change of nociceptive transient pain vs acute vs chronic pain?

A

Noci - no change
Acute - peripheral sensitization
Chronic - modification of pain afferents

27
Q

What is the CNS plasticity change of nociceptive transient pain vs acute vs chronic pain?

A

Noci - no change
Acute - central sensitization
Chronic - retired networks/assemblies, circuits

28
Q

What are the features of nociceptive transient pain vs acute vs chronic pain?

A

Noci - well localized pain. 1st pain perception (Aδ fibers) and 2nd pain (C fibers)
Acute - temporary increased pain sensitivity, hyperalgesia, allodynia
Chronic - prolonged increased pain sensitivity, hyperalgesia, allodynia

29
Q

Aδ fibers and C fibers are associated with what?

A

Transient nociceptive 1st pain (Aδ fibers) and 2nd pain (C fibers)

30
Q

What serves as early warning sign that alerts the brain to the presence of potentially tissue-damaging events?

A

Transient nociceptive pain

31
Q

Nociceptive pain is divided into (3) types

A

Somatic
Visceral
Inflammatory - associated with process of tissue repair following tissue damage

32
Q

Neuropathic pain is divided into (2) categories of pain

A

Neurogenic

Functional

33
Q

Treatment of neuropathic pain depends on whether origin of pain is _____ or ______

A

Peripheral (e.g. diabetic neuropathy) or central (e.g. spinal cord injury)

34
Q

Define functional neuropathic pain

A

Dysfunction of CNS that can enhance perception of pain through excitation of neural systems or through inhibition of endogenous pain modulation systems

E.g. fibromyalgia and post-stroke central pain syndrome

35
Q

2 principles of pain measurement

A
  1. Pt is only authority to evaluate their pain

2. Pain should be evaluated in terms of impact on person as a whole

36
Q

What are quantifiable components of pain? (5)

A 
Pain intensity
Physical capacity
Spatial attributes
Pain quality 
Psychological component

Neurophysiology (4 decks)

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