Network Fundamentals Q/A's

Question 1

What’s the purpose of routers?

Answer 1

route and distribute data packets

Question 2

What’s the purpose of switches?

Answer 2

store and forward data frames

Question 3

What’s two capabilities does a L2/L3 provide?

Answer 3

both routing and switching.

Question 4

Next-generation firewalls provide what capabilities?

Answer 4

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Web filtering (URL filtering) Antivirus Protection

Question 5

What is an end-point, and what does it do?

Answer 5

where two nodes connect to each other for data transmission communicates back and forth with a network

Question 6

What does a server enable you do to do?

Answer 6

manage compute and network resources for clients and hosts.

Question 7

What is a Small office/home office (SOHO)?

Answer 7

small private network personal and business use.

Question 8

What does the term On-Premise mean?

Answer 8

Onsite

Question 9

What is the difference between single mode and multi mode fiber ?

Answer 9

Single Mode Allows only one mode of light to transmit over longer distances with the least attenuation. Multi Mode Allows multiple modes of light to transmit higher bandwidth over shorter distances

Question 10

What is a Shared Media LAN?

Answer 10

Network that shares it’s total available bandwidth

Question 11

What is point-to-point?

Answer 11

One-to-One communication between two endpoints or nodes.

Question 12

What is POE? What is used for?

Answer 12

Power over Ethernet transmit data and power over an Ethernet cable.

Question 13

What are collisions on a network?

Answer 13

data packets that collide into each other

Question 14

What are two common types of errors that occur a network?

Answer 14

physical or protocol related

Question 15

What are mismatch duplex and or speed?

Answer 15

When either speed or duplex setting on either interface do not match

Question 16

What’s the difference between TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) vs UDP (User Datagram Protocol)? What is UDP commonly used for?

Answer 16

Reliable delivery protocol that uses a three way handshake of sequence numbers and acknowledgements with error correction and flow control.

Best-effort delivery without error correction or flow control Voice and video transmission)

Question 17

Why is private address important?

Answer 17

Your network is private and not accessible by default from the outside network

Question 18

2000::/3

Same as a Public IP address and is used for what type of communication?

Answer 18

IPv6 global unicast address

one to one communication

Question 19

FC00::/7 (FD00::/8)

Like IPv4 private addresses and is called an IPv6…?

Answer 19

unique local address

Question 20

FE80::/10

They are also assigned most often?

used for communicating with other nodes on the?

Answer 20

IPv6 link local addresses

autoconfiguration

same link

Question 21

Anycast address are a one to anyone IP address that is sent to what?

Answer 21

closet member of the group.

Question 22

FF00::/8

Represent a dynamic group of hosts and identifies multiple interfaces?

Answer 22

IPv6 multicast address

Question 23

What the purpose of a IPv6 EUI-64 address used for?

Answer 23

automatically assign IPv6 host addresses to an interface.

Question 24

What the purpose of encryption?

Answer 24

encoding of data for secure and private transmission

Question 25

What is virtualization?

Answer 25

Creating a virtual replica of something into software

Question 26

What two ways are MAC addresses learned?

Answer 26

Address resolution protocol Frame Flooding/Broadcast

Question 27

What is Frame switching?

Answer 27

Divide and encapsulating data into frames

Question 28

What is Frame Flooding?

Answer 28

Flooding all ports with a broadcast message except the port where it originated from.

Question 29

What the purpose of a MAC address table?

Answer 29

Storing MAC address and port interfaces to forward data in/out physical interfaces

Question 30

What is a passive interface responsible for?

Answer 30

Ignoring routing updates by still routing data

Question 31

Loopback address are a best practice to assign to your routers? (True/False)

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Distance vector routing protocols have knowledge of what type of route? Do distant vector routing protocols advertise full network topology

Answer 32

Directly connected route no

Question 33

What's the main benefit of using a static route?

Answer 33

Decrease CPU and memory usage

Question 34

What is CDP, it's layer and purpose?

Answer 34

Cisco Discovery Protocol Layer 2 protocol Discover other Cisco devices directly connected

Question 35

What is ARP, it's layer and purpose?

Answer 35

Address Resolution Protocol Layer 2 protocol Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.

Question 36

What is the actual broadcast that ARP sends out?

Answer 36

Request and Response Broadcast FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

Question 37

Is it possible to have multiple IPv6 addresses on the same IPv6 interface? Yes/No

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

SLAAC is responsible for automatically assinging host what?

Answer 38

IPv6 addresses

Question 39

When using SLACC does the router track which hosts have what IP addresses, why?

Answer 39

no (stateless addressing)

Question 40

By default an IPv6 route of ::/0 is equivalent to?

Answer 40

0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 in IPv4

Question 41

IPv6 does not use ARP requests instead it uses what and send out two types of advertisements? Where type of class of IPv6 address are messages sent to?

Answer 41

NDP Neighbor Discovery Protocol - Solicitations and Advertisements Multicast address to reaches all hosts on the subnet (Solicited-Node)

Question 42

IPv6 is enabled or disabled on a router by default? True/False

Answer 42

False (ipv6 unicast-routing)

Question 43

What is RFC 1918 about?

Answer 43

Private Address Space

Question 44

What is the Private Address Space Ranges for Class A and the Prefix in RFC 1918?

Answer 44

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix)

Question 45

What is the Private Address Space Ranges for Class B and the Prefix in RFC 1918?

Answer 45

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix)

Question 46

What is the Private Address Space Ranges for Class C and the Prefix in RFC 1918?

Answer 46

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)

Question 47

What is DTP Dynamic Trunking Protocol used for?

Answer 47

Carry tagged frames that are assigned to unique VLANs over one or more port/interfaces.

Question 48

Frame Relay uses what type of interface to connect to multiple remote sites?

Answer 48

serial interface

Question 49

What is a MAC address?

Answer 49

Physical address that identifies a device/host.

Question 50

How many total bits/bytes are in a MAC address?

Answer 50

48-bits (6 bytes)

Question 51

The first 3 bytes of a MAC address identifies what?

Answer 51

Organization Unique Identifier (OUI)

Question 52

The last 3 bytes of a MAC address identifies what?

Answer 52

Vendor Assigned ID (Network Interface Controller (NIC)

Question 53

Neighbor Discover Protocol (NDP) uses what layer 3 protocol to send messages to multicast IPv6 addresses?

Answer 53

ICMPv6

Question 54

What is PPP and it's use?

Answer 54

Point to Point Protocol between two directly connected nodes.

Question 55

Frames are used to transmit data in what over physical media?

Answer 55

frame headers over physical media.

Question 56

What is full duplex?

Answer 56

send and receive of data simultaneously at the same time

Question 57

What is half-duplex?

Answer 57

send and receive of data in one direction one at a time

Question 58

Where type of memory are MAC addresses stored?

Answer 58

CAM (Content Addressable Memory)

Question 59

The multicast address is a single IP address that is then forwarded to what?

Answer 59

group of devices

Question 60

What is a unicast address?

Answer 60

single IP address to an interface

Question 61

What is the stratum in NTP used to determine?

Answer 61

device's distance to the reference clock.

Question 62

IP helper address is responsible for the?

Answer 62

Relay and forward of DHCP server information to another router

Question 63

What is the purpose of the command IP address DHCP?

Answer 63

Automatically acquire IP address on an interface from a DHCP server.

Question 64

Dynamic routing protocol automatically select what?

Answer 64

best routing paths to route data

Question 65

cloud computing are self-service computing resources that are what, in a data center?

Answer 65

available on-demand and provisioned in a data center.

Question 66

What is WAN?

Answer 66

Wide area network of computers, devices and networks connected across cities, states and countries.

Question 67

MAC address table contains what two things?

Answer 67

IP addresses to physical MAC Address.

Question 68

What two ways can you setup a router to route packets?

Answer 68

Manual static routes dynamic routing protocols

Question 69

Switches are responsible for deciding what two things?

Answer 69

What frames to forward or ignore

Question 70

What happens when a MAC address is not present in the MAC address table?

Answer 70

Flooded/broadcast out of all ports except the originating port.

Question 71

What protocol prevents routing loops in a switch?

Answer 71

Spanning Tree Protocol

Question 72

What best describes what the term Cloud means?

Answer 72

computing resources that are hosted in a remote data center

Question 73

Global unicast IPv6 address are routable or not routable over the internet?

Answer 73

routable

Question 74

IPv6 unique local address are just like what type of addresses?

Answer 74

IPv4 address

Question 75

What type of IPv6 addresses communicate with other nodes on the same link?

Answer 75

Link Local Address

Question 76

Are Link local address mandatory on IPv6 interfaces? Yes/No

Answer 76

Yes

Question 77

IPv6 anycast address is used to allow multiple machines to share what for redundancy and reliablity?

Answer 77

same IP address

Question 78

Packet sent to a multicast address is forwarded to the nearest what?

Answer 78

Router

Question 79

What 4 letters are inserted at first 48-bits of an EUI-64 address?

Answer 79

FFFE

Question 80

What is the default Cisco aging time?

Answer 80

5 mins (300s)

Question 81

What happens when a MAC address is no longer valid in the MAC address table?

Answer 81

It's removed

Question 82

What two IPv6 protocols can be used to assign automatically assign IPv6 addresses to interface?

Answer 82

(SLACC) Stateless Address Auto Configuration Stateful (DHCPv6)

Question 83

What messaging protocol is used to distribute IPv6 messages sent out all nodes via a multicast address?

Answer 83

ICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol)

Question 84

In IPv6 when an interface is attempting to acquire an IPv6 address what is displayed?

Answer 84

:: (Unspecified or Unknown address)

Question 85

What is an actual vector?

Answer 85

one or more points that connect with other points. (Think of Vector Art)

Question 86

Wildcard mask specify available range of IP address to?

Answer 86

check/use on a network

Question 87

What is a broadcast IP address?

Answer 87

Network address that's connected to all devices on a network

Question 88

What type of domain suffix is .onion TLDs?

Answer 88

special-use top level domain suffix

Question 89

Where does the term Tor .onion mean?

Answer 89

The Onion Router

Question 90

Are .onion TLD actual DNS names? yes/no

Answer 90

no

Question 91

What does Tor Stand for?

Answer 91

The Onion Router

Question 92

How do nodes access the Tor network? Is a Tor node hosted in a Internet DNS root zone?

Answer 92

software connected through remote proxy nodes no

Question 93

::1/128

Answer 93

IPv6 Loopback address ::1 equivalent to 127.0.0.1 IPv4 /128 equivalent to entire IPv6 address space