Network Components

Question 1

TCP/IP model

Answer 1

Specification for computer network protocols.

Question 2

Layers of a Internet protocol stack

Answer 2

Physical, data link layer, Internet/Network layer, Transport layer, Application layer.

Question 3

Physical layer

Answer 3

Responsible for encoding and transmitting data over network communication media. It operates data in the form of bits. (Ethernet connection is on physical layer).

Question 4

Data Link Layer

Answer 4

Is used to move packets from the network layer on two different hosts. Can be controlled in the software device driver for the network card and on firmware. Different types of networks use different types of protocols.

Question 5

Network or Internet layer

Answer 5

Gets data from source network to destination network. Generally involves routing the packets across a network of networks ( internetwork). This is where IP (Internet Protocol) comes in. IP performs the basic task of getting packets of data from source to destination.

Question 6

Transport Layer

Answer 6

Responsibility is end to end message transfer. There are two categories, connection-oriented (tcp) or connectionless (udp). It connects applications together through the use of ports. This layer offers reliability and error control.

Question 7

Application Layer

Answer 7

Refers to higher-level protocols used by most networks for network communication. An example of application layer protocol is FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Data coded according to application layer protocols are then encapsulated into one or more transport layer protocols which in turn use lower layer protocols to effect actual data transfers.

Question 8

Domain Name System (DNS)

Answer 8

Associates various information with domain names. It serves as the phone book for the Internet by translating human-readable computer hostmanes ( ex. Wwwopen bookproject.net) into IP adresses ( ex. 152.19.134.41) which networking equipment needs to deliver information. DNS also stores other information such as the list of mail servers. DNS is a essential component of the Internet.

Question 9

IP addresses

Answer 9

A number given to a computer by the ISP. The most common address is a 32 bit (4 byte) address.

Question 10

Dynamic IP address

Answer 10

Are not necessarily tied to one machine. Usually applied to personal computers and other devices.

Question 11

Static IP address

Answer 11

Usually not found on personal computers but servers. If server address changes it will disrupt access to other sites hosted by that server.