Network+ Flashcards
IP4 address can play one of of three roles
host (assignable addresses), broadcast address (comes at the end of IP address), NetID (beginning of IP address). one at a time
IPv4 has what kind of notation?
octet 3 decimal-dots. 8 bits of information
IPv6
hexadecimal. 8 groups of 16 bits= 128 bit address. seperated by colons not decimals
Internet Engineering Task force
given rules to check out and put forward to request for comments
DNS
Domain name server. changes names to IP addresses
hardware address
physical address. hard-coded into the Network Interface Card
what are the 3 different types of NAT?
Dynamic NAT, Port address, and…
what is a Dynamic NAT?
7 different public addressses for computers to share in a network
What is a Port Address Translation?
IP + Port numbers distinguish the differences of computers from a private network. 1 IP address
Multicast
selected devices, not everyone. more than two devices
Unicast
single device to single device
Broadcast
every device. stays local
how to find the loop back address for IPv6?
every piece of IP address. 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
how does a host get an IP address?
static or dynamic host configuration protocol
decimal to binary?
subtraction
binary to decimal?
addition
decimal to hexadecimal
decimal>binary>hex
subnet mask
a string of 1’s and then 0’s. 255’s and some other number. the 1’s are the network portion and cannot change
find the number of hosts
(2^n)-2 where n is the number of 0’s. start writing numbers from the right.
make a custom subnet mask
determine a default subnet mask first. turn bits on from the left until the requirement is met. start writing 0’s from left and figure out the number of 1’s
default subnet mask
default nature of each class. a combination of 255’s and 0’s
stateless autoconfiguration
change MAC address into an IP address. add fffe in the middle of the second characters, then change 7th bit to either a 1 or a 0
APIPA
link local address. automatic supply IP addressing. no access to internet. failsafe for local communication. used if static address and DHCP take too long to establish
Tesnet
a choice for local communication
IPv6 types of IP
unicast, global unicast address (multicast), anycast (one to one of many)
borrowed bits
the extra 1’s past the default
VLSM
variable length subnet mask. individual masks that get as close to the requirement as possible. is not as wasteful as subnetting
client
always has a server giving it access to resources
host
any device with an IP address
VLAN
virtual LANS. virtual area network that exists because of software, not just physical connection
VPN
a LAN tunneled over a WAN connection (email, DoD)
MPLS
multi-protocol label switching. one of the most populat WAN protocols. physical layout flexibility. redundency and one-to-many connection
Peer to Peer
no one is in charge. systems can be a client, server, or both
bus topology
A+B connectors work with T connector. 10 users. one went bad, you had to check them all
star topology
devices connected to a central point
ring topology
each node regenerates the signal. only one device at a time can talk (token passing). one device down can stop the whole network
mesh topology
every device connects to every device. formula for number of segments- n(n-1)/2
point to point topology
only need 2 IP addresses
point to multi-point topology
more than one connectoin from a point to multiple points
OSI
open system interconnectoin
protocol data unit
what form is the date in, in any given layer of the OSI model. Do da dance so people fly back
CSMACD/CSMACA
collision detection/avoidance
DCE
data communication equipment. time-giving equipment
DTE
data terminal equipment. routers are DTE by default, listening for other devices to give it time. give a clock rate to change to DCE
3 types of NAT
PAT (port address translation) 1 IP address, SNAT(static NAT) many IP addreses, Dynamic NAT all using a pool of addresses
routing protocol
rules for how data is routed. IP is a routed protocol. OSPF is a routing protocol
3 ways a router is populated
static (manual entry), dynamic, physical connection
EGP
exterior gateway protocol
protocols
BGP-amin distance 20, EIGRP-90, OSPF- 110, RIP- 120 Is-Is- 115
link state protocols
OSPF, Is-Is
distance vector protocols
RIP v1&2, IGRP
hybrid protocol
hop count. the closest the better
collision domain
potential for devices to send at the same time. defined my switches
broadcast domain
dictated by number of VLANS and all interfaces on the router
what address does a switch use to populate MAC addresses?
source MAC address
spanning tree
stops switching loops by blocking unnecessary paths. know which ports to block
how many VLANS does an access port support?
one. other ports must be changed to trunk to support multiple
VLAN Trunking protocol
managed VLANs across a switched internetwork, client switches copy configuration from main VLAN automatically
Access control list
?
VPN
secure network within a public network
hybrid ctyptology
more security
AAA
authorization, authentication, accounting
RADIUS
remote access dial-in user service. connects quickly but the service is as fast as the network
TACACS
terminal access controller access control system
CHAP/MS-CHAP
authentication, encrypting the challange session
EAP
extensible authentication protocol
smurf attack
spoof IP addresss and take out device
LEAP and PEAP
protocols that challange to prove authorized user with authorized access
