Netter's Clinical Correlation - lower extremity

Question 1

common fibular nerve

Answer 1

injury to this nerve from blunt trauma or compression by leg cast weakens dorsiflexion and results in foot drop

Question 2

neck of femur

Answer 2

common fracture in elderly persons from falls; can lead to AVN of head of femur because of disrupted blood supply

Question 3

body of femur

Answer 3

midbody is common fracture site in high energy trauma

Question 4

anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 4

most commonly injured knee ligament, typically from sudden pivot of knee causing excessive Valgus stress couple with medial rotation of tibia

Question 5

what is the unhappy triad of the knee

and what happens?

Answer 5

medial collateral ligament
ACL
medial meniscus

damage to these structures can result from blow to lateral aspect of joint in extension

Question 6

first metatarsophalaneal joint

Answer 6

joint misalignment leads to hallux Valgus (bunion); wearing narrow shoes can contribute though there is a strong genetic component

Question 7

calcaneus

Answer 7

most common tarsal bone fracture, usually caused by landing forcefully on heel after falling from a height

Question 8

ankle joint

Answer 8

most sprains are inversion injuries that occur when foot is plantar flexed, placing stress on lateral collateral ligaments of ankle; fracture often occur to lateral malleolus of fibula and inferior articular surface of tibia

Question 9

iliotibial tract

Answer 9

can cause lateral knee pain in runners when tight iliotibial tract rubs repetitively across lateral epicondyle of femur (IT band syndrome)

Question 10

semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles and long head of biceps femoris muscle injury

Answer 10

excessive stretching or tearing of hamstring muscles occurs most often during high speed running or activities with high kicks

Question 11

piriformis muscle

Answer 11

piriformis muscle strain or structural variations may produce compression of sciatic nerve

Question 12

gluteus medius and minimus muscles

Answer 12

paralysis results in contralateral pelvic dip due to weakened hip abduction when standing on affected limb (trendelenburg sign or gait)

Question 13

calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Answer 13

inflammation results from repetitive stress on tendon, often from running on uneven surfaces; extreme stress may cause tendon to rupture; striking calcaneal tendon with reflex hammer elicits ankle jerk reflex to test S1-S2

innervated by tibial N