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Job flashcards > Knee Exam > Flashcards

Knee Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what 4 things should you look for on knee inspection

A

skin - wounds, swelling, deformity
genu varum/genu valgus
gait
patella tracking

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2
Q

what is genu varum

A

bow legged = legs curve outward
medial compartment narrowing

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3
Q

what is genu valgum

A

knock kneed = legs curve inward
lateral compartment narrowing

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4
Q

what should you palpate for knee exam

A

joint line
patella - facet pain
tibial tubercle
pes anserine bursae
patellar tendon
quad tendon
IT band
popliteal fossa

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5
Q

how to palpate pes anserine bursae

A

inserts on fibular head

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6
Q

how to assess for swelling

A

look at obvious - pre-petallar (on top of patella)

patella ballotting
milking (bulge) - sweep upwards on medial side and then sweep down from lateral side - bulge on medial aspect is positive

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7
Q

which nerve?
knee flexion

A

sciatic N

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8
Q

which nerve?
knee extension

A

femoral N

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9
Q

which nerve?
foot plantarflexion

A

tibial N

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10
Q

which nerve?
foot dorsiflexion

A

deep peroneal N

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11
Q

which nerve?
medial thigh sensation

A

obturator N

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12
Q

which nerve?
anterior thigh sensation

A

femoral N

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13
Q

which nerve?
posterolateral leg sensation

A

sciatic N

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14
Q

which nerve?
dorsal foot sensation

A

peroneal N

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15
Q

which nerve?
plantar foot sensation

A

tibial N

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16
Q

which pulses can you palpate

A

popliteal
dorsal pedis
posterior tibial

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17
Q

how to grade pulses

A

0 - 4
3+ is normal

18
Q

how to grade reflexes

A

0 - 4
2+ is normal

19
Q

normal flexion ROM

A

0-135/140

20
Q

which special tests can you perform for ACL

A

Lachman’s test
anterior drawer
pivot shift

21
Q

Lachman’s test

A

most sensitive for ACL injury

patient lying down
one hand on thigh, one hand on calf
pull up with hand on calf (translate tibia)

22
Q

Pivot shift test

A

patient lying down
lift patient’s heel
internally rotate leg
apply valgus stress (hand on lateral side of knee and press laterally)
flex knee towards oppositve shoulder
clunk with flexion = ACL

23
Q

which special tests can you perform for PCL injury

A

posterior drawer
posterior sag
quadriceps active
reverse pivot shift

24
Q

posterior sag test

A

patient supine
hips at 45, knees at 90
posterior translation of tibia in relation to femur

this is more pronounced when pt presses heel into your hand

25
Q

quadriceps active test

A

patient supine
hips at 45, knees at 90
look for posterior sag sign
tell patient to flex quad - tibia with noticeably translate forward

26
Q

reverse pivot shift test

A

patient supine
flex knee to 45, externally rotate, and apply valgus force (hand on lateral aspect on knee and press medially)
extend knee
clinking with extension = PCL injury

27
Q

which special tests can you perform for collateral ligaments

A

valgus stress
varus stress

28
Q

valgus stress test

A

place hand on lateral aspect on knee and press laterally = MCL

laxity at 30 degrees = MCL
laxity at 0 degrees = MCL + cruciate ligament

29
Q

varus stress test

A

place hand on medial aspect of leg and press medially = LCL

laxity at 30 degrees = LCL
laxity at 0 degrees = LCL + cruciate ligament

30
Q

which special tests can be performed for meniscus

A

joint line tenderness
mcmurrays test
apleys compression test

31
Q

which test is most sensitive for meniscal tear

A

joint line tenderness

32
Q

mcmurrays test

A

place knee into flexion + IR and then extend knee (pain/pop = lateral meniscus)
place knee into flexion + ER and then extend knee (pain/pop = medial meniscus)

33
Q

apleys comression test

A

patient prone
place knee at 90 and stabilize thigh with your knee
ER (pop/pain = medial meniscus)
IR (pop/pain = lateral meniscus)

34
Q

what special tests can you perform for patellofemoral joint

A

patella displacement
patella apprehension
J sign
patella grind test

35
Q

patella displacement test

A

translate patella medially and laterally (it should do this normally)

36
Q

patella apprehension test

A

relax quads and put your hand on medial aspect of patella and press patella laterally

pain/apprehension = MPFL or medial retinacular injury

37
Q

J sign

A

extend knee from flexed position
pt will have maltracking

38
Q

patella grind test

A

pt supine
tell pt to activate quads while placing a compressive force on the patella when the knee is in full extension

pain/inability to complete = positive

39
Q

what are special tests you can perform for the extensor mechanism?

A

straight leg raise

40
Q

straight leg raise

A

inability to perform = quad/patellar tendon injury

41
Q
A

Job flashcards (6 decks)

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