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Netowrks Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 network layer models

A

Transmissions Control Protocol
Open Systems Interconnection

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2
Q

Which protocol is used to send emails

A

SMTP

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3
Q

What are the first 3 sections of a URL?

A

Protocol
Domain
Path

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4
Q

What does a server send when it receives a client’s request?

A

Response

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5
Q

Which protocols can be used to receive emails?

A

POP3
IMAP

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6
Q

Difference between POP3 and IMAP

A

POP3 downloads the email from the email server and then deletes the original from the server, keeping only a local copy. IMAP keeps a copy in the remote folder on the email server, and instead only downloads a copy

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7
Q

Why is IMAP more applicable to today’s world? You should use an example?

A

IMAP allows emails to be accessed from multiples devices, like mobile phones and laptops

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8
Q

What are the advantages of using networks?

A

Communication
monitoring user activity
controlling and updating workstations
roaming
sharing information
resource sharing
software streaming

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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of using networks?

A

Dependence - if the main server fails, every device connected to the network will also fail
Security issues
Initial installation can be expensive
Malware

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10
Q

List the different types of networks

A

LAN, WAN, PAN, MAN, SAN, WPAN and VPN

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11
Q

True or false: computers in a LAN must be connected to the Internet

A

False

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12
Q

What is the use of a SAN

A

Provides servers that enable users to store files on a large scale

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13
Q

How is a VPN made secure?

A

By using encryption algorithms

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14
Q

What are the different network models?

A

Client-to-server network model
Peer-to-peer network model

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15
Q

List the different types of servers

A

Web servers
Application servers
Network sttached storage (NAS)
Print servers
Mail servers

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16
Q

Function of a web server

A

Handles the user’s requests and manages the websites
Allows users to view HTML pages, CSS stylesheets and other scripts

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17
Q

What is a peer-to-peer network?

A

In a P2P network, each and every computer in a network is responsible for providing data equally

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18
Q

Compare the performance of client-server and P2P network models

A

Client-server: Performance can be improved if the server is upgraded
P2: If the individual computers become slow, the whole network slows down

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19
Q

What are the three types of copper cables?

A

Coaxial
Unshielded twisted pair
Shielded twisted pair

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20
Q

What are fibre optic cables?

A

Cables made of glass and use light to transmit data

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21
Q

Advantages of fibre optic cables compared to copper cables

A

Long lifetime
Less electromagnetic interference

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22
Q

Disadvantages of fibre optic cables compared to copper cables

A

Expensive to install
Costs more to produce
More fragile, so more prone to damage

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23
Q

Advantages of a wireless network?

A

Cheap and easy to install
Multiple devices can be connected without any additional hardware

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24
Q

Disadvantages of a wireless network?

A

Slower compared to a wired network
Quality is disrupted due to obstructions
Security issues such as hacking - not as secure, as radio signals can be picked up by anyone
Lower bandwidth

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25
Advantages of wired networks
More secure as the network is only accessible with a physical cable connection Less interference Generally has faster data transfer compared to wireless netowrks
26
Disadvantages of wired networks
More time needed to install High installation and replacement costs Inconvenient due to many cables More maintenance due to larger infrastructure
27
Functions of a Network Interface Card
Contains device address Provides electrical signal to send data over the network and also for receiving incoming data Implements the protocol for communication
28
What hardware components are required for wired networking
Routers, hubs and switches
29
What is a modem?
A network hardware that turns digital data to electrical signals and vice versa
30
What are the different network topologies?
Bus Ring Star Mesh
31
Why are terminators used in bus topologies?
A terminator is installed at the end of the cable to stop the reflection of signals back to the bus
32
True or false: Bus networks offer a secure connection
False: bus networks do not offer secure connection, as the data is available to all the devices in the network
33
Why are bus networks cheap to install?
A large amount of cabling is not required
34
How is the number of data collisions reduced in a ring network?
Data collisions are reduced by allowing the data to flow in one particular direction
35
When would a star network be used?
For connecting 5-6 computers where speed is the priority
36
Why are star networks expensive to install?
Installation of hubs and individual cabling to all devices
37
Why is a star network more reliable than bus and ring networks?
If a cable fails in a star network, only that particular device is affected, but in a bus or ring network, the entire network would fail because of this
38
What is a full mesh network?
A network topology in which all devices are connected to each other
39
Why is a full mesh network more reliable than a star network?
There are many routes available for a data packet in a mesh network, unlike in a star network
40
What is WiFi?
A technology that enables wireless connectivity to all sorts of devices
41
What signals does WiFi use for data transmission?
Radio signals
42
What frequency bands does WiFi use?
2.4 GHz and 5GHz
43
What is an IP address?
A unique address assigned to each device in a network
44
Difference between IPv4 and IPv6
In IPv4, each device is assigned a 32-bit address, whereas in IPv6, each device has a 128-bit address
45
What is static IP addressing?
IP addresses assigned by a network administrator, which remain unused when the device is not in use
46
What is dynamic IP addressing?
IP addresses assigned by DHCP, which can be reused when the device is not in use
47
What are the contents of a data packet?
Source, destination, packet sequence, data and error checking
48
Give examples of languages used to create and update web pages
HTML, XML, CSS
49
What is HTTPS
A secured form of the protocol, HTTP. It is used in banking websites
50
What are cascaded style sheets (CSS) used for
Editing the appearance of HTML
51
What are the different layers of TCP/IP suite of protocols?
Application Transport Internet Link
52
Function of the application layer?
Responsible for ensuring that the data supplied by the sender from their application can be viewed at the receiver’s end using their application
53
Function of the transport layer?
Segmentation, sending acknowledgements, requesting retransmission in case of missed packets determining the communication protocol, size of packets and data speed
54
Function of an Internet layer
Identifies sender’s and receiver’s addresses. Routes the data packet from sender to receiver
55
Function of a link layer
Error detection, hardware addressing, media access control and defining physical layer standards.
56
What is encapsulation?
The process of adding information to data in each layer of the TCP/IP model
57
Advantages of segmenting networks in Ethernet?
Devices in a segment are expected to communicate with each other more often. So, the overall data collision of the network decreases
58
What is ethernet?
A technology used to implement LAN
59
What hardware components segment data into data frames?
NIC and routers
60
How is a frame sent from sender to receiver in an Ethernet network?
A frame is broadcasted to all devices present on Ethernet network. If the destination address matches with the receiver’s address, the frame is accepted. Otherwise, the frame is discarded.
61
Disadvantages of ethernet
Limited length of cabling, limited size of segments and not optimal for a network with large number of devices.
62
3 main contents of a data packet?
Header, payload field and trailer
63
What is packet switching?
A type of routing where data packets are exchanged between various routers from source to its destination.
64
Define “computer power”
The processing capability of a computer ; how fast a computer can perform an operation
65
Define “handshake process”
The process by which a sender on a network alerts a receiver of a coming message and the protocol that is going to be used, e.g. between a computer and printer to establish if it is ready to receive transmitted data
66
Define “hub”
A connection device that works at a device level, it connects multiple computers (via the NICs) together on a network and allows them all to share transmitted data
67
Define “MAC address”
A unique 12-digit hexadecimal number given to every device when it is manufactured
68
Define “network”
2 or more computer systems that allows resources and computer power to be shared, e.g. a computer network at a school or college
69
Define “packet”
A small collection of broken down data, sent by computers across a network, that finds the quickest route to its destination and is then reassembled at the other side
70
Define “peer to peer”
A network that links computers directly allowing users to access programs and resources on each other’s hard drives. A P2P network does not require a server
71
Define “router”
A device that enables multiple computers and devices to connect to the same network. Routers control priorities and rules such as connections and traffic.
72
Define “server”
A computer or program that ‘serves’ data to a client once it has been requested, e.g. web server, mail server
73
Define “switch”
A connection device that connects multiple computers to a network and (unlike a hub) allows data to be transmitted to specified computers, which frees up bandwidth and improves speed and performance
74
Define “thin client”
A computer device that connects to a network and allows interaction with programs on the server. It uses the power residing on the server without downloading or saving any data to the device itself.
75
Define “wireless network card”
Like a standard NIC, but without the use of wires, it has a transmitter/receiver for sending signals via radio waves

Computing (7 decks)

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