Netherlands (24th feb) Both reports

Question 1

Who writes dutch coasts in transition - who writes climate proofing the Netherlands. what years?

Answer 1

coasts in transition - Kabat et al 2009

Proofing netherlands - Kabat et al 2005

Question 2

Research showing rising sea level and…. led scientists to propose…

Answer 2

Research showing rising sea levels and a dyke breakthrough in 1953 killing 1800 people has led scientists to propose a series of engineering works to protect low lying areas (65% countries GDP)

Question 3

Kabat (2009- coasts in transition) evaluated ….

Answer 3

Kabat evaluated the first delta committee’s engineering works (based on likelihood of storm surges at the time) and looked at past disasters. 24-56% of current defences not at 1960 (when the dykes construction started) standards.

Question 4

Kabat (2009 coasts in transition) finds that

Answer 4

WIth 65% of the countries GDP in the low lying areas, the country needs to be protected from the expected 0.18-0.59m sea level rise by 2100.

Question 5

Cost of protecting vs cost of not protecting (kabat 2009-coasts in transition)

Answer 5

Could cost 3.1billion a year up to 2050

Cost of nothing could be up to 3 trillion.

Question 6

Super awesome quote (kabat 2009 coasts in transition) ‘Rather than being a financial burden…’

Answer 6

‘Rather than being a financial burden, coastal protection can be seen as a push to boost technological innovation and to invest in the development of long lasting and sustainable infrastructure’
Move country into sustainable future.

Question 7

Climate proofing the neth (kabat2005) Prevailing theory.. research showing…

Answer 7

Research showing increasing frequency of hydro climatic events has led scientists to propose a variety of plans for flood protection

Question 8

Kabat (2005 climate proofing neth) evaluated

Answer 8

Kabat evaluated current flood defences and previous flood damage events.

Question 9

Kabat (2005 climate proofing) finds that

Answer 9

Country shouldn’t leave it too late to cope with climate change, far too costly. Integration needed across all sectors, social economic and stakeholders.
Large infrastructure isnt always the best solution.
-inland retreat - controlled flooding
‘living with water strategy’

Question 10

What is a hydrometropole

Answer 10

Floating or partly floating cities (different level risks matched to insurance levels)
Integrating water reservoirs into the foundations of greenhouses etc. for agriculture.Also serve as emergency floodwater storage.

Question 11

Kabat 2005 climate proofing

Now that … has been established….

Answer 11

Now that the need to adapt to climate change has been establised, scientists will likely turn their attention towards pilot studies, moving to higher ground, delta plans (3 main rivers, Rhine,Meuse and Scheldt) compensation farmers for lost land (low lying peat farmers)
2 plans - move higher inland
- hydrometropole

Question 12

Kabat 2005 (climate proofing neth) Very similar quote… Such climate proofing should be..

Answer 12

‘Such climate proofing should be driven by opportunities for technological, institutional and societal innovations rather than purely by fear of the negative effects of climate change’