.Net Framework

Question 1

What is the .NET Framework architecture?

Answer 1

The .NET Framework architecture is a software platform developed by Microsoft that consists of the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the Base Class Library (BCL). It provides tools and libraries for building various types of applications.

Question 2

What is the Common Language Runtime (CLR)?

Answer 2

The CLR is the execution environment in the .NET Framework responsible for managing memory, handling exceptions, managing security, and executing code written in different languages.

Question 3

Explain the role of the Base Class Library (BCL) in .NET Framework.

Answer 3

The BCL is a collection of classes and functions that provide fundamental building blocks for .NET applications, such as data types, input/output, networking, and more.

Question 4

What is Managed Code?

Answer 4

Managed code is code that runs within the CLR environment, providing features like memory management, automatic garbage collection, and enhanced security.

Question 5

What is Unmanaged Code?

Answer 5

Unmanaged code refers to code that is executed outside the CLR’s control and doesn’t adhere to .NET’s memory management and security features.

Question 6

How does the CLR ensure memory management and garbage collection?

Answer 6

The CLR manages memory using automatic garbage collection. It keeps track of object references and automatically releases memory when objects are no longer reachable

Question 7

Explain the Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation process.

Answer 7

The JIT compilation converts Intermediate Language (IL) code into machine-specific instructions at runtime, optimizing performance by adapting to the executing system’s architecture.

Question 8

What are assemblies in .NET?

Answer 8

Assemblies are the basic unit of deployment and version control in .NET. They contain compiled code, metadata, and resources needed to execute an application.

Question 9

Differentiate between value types and reference types.

Answer 9

Value types store their data directly, while reference types store a reference to their data. Value types are stored on the stack, and reference types are stored on the heap.

Question 10

What is the Global Assembly Cache (GAC)?

Answer 10

The GAC is a central repository for storing and managing shared assemblies that are accessible across different applications on the same machine.

Question 11

How does .NET provide language interoperability?

Answer 11

.NET supports language interoperability through the Common Type System (CTS) and Common Language Specification (CLS), which define a common set of data types and rules for interaction between languages.

Question 12

Explain the role of the AppDomain.

Answer 12

An AppDomain is a lightweight, isolated environment within a process that provides isolation and security boundaries for executing .NET applications.

Question 13

What is Reflection and what is it used for?

Answer 13

Reflection allows a program to inspect and interact with metadata about types, methods, properties, and more at runtime. It’s commonly used for tasks like dynamic loading and invocation of assemblies.

Question 14

How does .NET handle exceptions?

Answer 14

.NET provides a structured exception handling mechanism through try-catch blocks. Exceptions are objects that inherit from the System.Exception class.

Question 15

What is Boxing and Unboxing?

Answer 15

Boxing is the process of converting a value type to a reference type, and unboxing is the process of converting a reference type back to a value type.

Question 16

Explain delegates and events.

Answer 16

Delegates are function pointers that allow methods to be treated as first-class objects. Events are a mechanism for implementing the observer design pattern, allowing one object to notify others when a certain action occurs.

Question 17

What are attributes in .NET?

Answer 17

Attributes are metadata annotations that provide additional information about types, methods, properties, and more. They are used for various purposes, including code annotations and runtime behaviors.

Question 18

How does .NET achieve code access security?

Answer 18

.NET uses a combination of code access security (CAS) and role-based security to control the permissions and privileges of code based on its origin and trust level.

Question 19

What are P/Invoke and COM Interop?

Answer 19

P/Invoke (Platform Invocation Services) is used to call functions from native libraries in managed code. COM Interop enables communication between .NET code and COM components.

Question 20

Explain the concept of Threading in .NET.

Answer 20

Threading allows multiple tasks to run concurrently within the same process. The System.Threading namespace provides classes and tools for managing threads and synchronization.

Question 21

What is the purpose of the Globalization and Localization features in the .NET Framework?

Answer 21

Globalization features allow applications to adapt to different cultures, languages, and regions. Localization features enable the customization of applications for specific cultures.

Question 22

Explain the concept of Application Domains and their benefits.

Answer 22

Application Domains provide isolation and separation between different applications within the same process. They enhance security, stability, and manageability by allowing multiple applications to run independently.

Question 23

How does .NET handle multi-threading, and what are potential challenges in multi-threaded programming?

Answer 23

.NET provides the Thread class and other synchronization constructs for multi-threading. Challenges include thread synchronization, race conditions, deadlocks, and resource contention.

Question 24

Describe the purpose and usage of the “using” statement in C#.

Answer 24

The “using” statement is used for resource management and ensures that disposable objects are properly cleaned up after their use, improving memory management and reducing resource leaks.

Question 25

Explain the differences between IEnumerable and IQueryable interfaces.

Answer 25

IEnumerable is used for querying data from in-memory collections, while IQueryable is used for querying data from external data sources (e.g., databases) using deferred execution.

Question 26

What is the purpose of the ADO.NET framework?

Answer 26

ADO.NET is used for data access in .NET applications. It provides classes for connecting to databases, executing SQL commands, and managing data retrieval and manipulation.

Question 27

Differentiate between WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) and Web API.

Answer 27

WCF is a framework for building distributed services, including SOAP-based and other types of communication. Web API is a framework for building HTTP-based services that adhere to REST principles.

Question 28

What are Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control (IoC)?

Answer 28

What are Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control (IoC)?

Question 29

Explain the purpose of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) and MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) architectural patterns.

Answer 29

MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) architectural patterns.
MVC separates an application into three components: Model (data), View (presentation), and Controller (user interactions). MVVM is a variation that adds a ViewModel to mediate between the Model and View.

Question 30

What is Asynchronous Programming in .NET, and how does it relate to the “async” and “await” keywords?

Answer 30

Asynchronous programming allows non-blocking execution of code, enhancing responsiveness. The “async” and “await” keywords in C# simplify asynchronous programming by making it look more like synchronous code.