Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What system is nervous tissue an essential component of?

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

What subgroups comprises the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

What are some functions of nervous tissue?

A

Maintains homeostasis (along with endocrine system)

Initiates voluntary movements

Perception

Behaviour

Memory

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4
Q

List 3 types of neural activity

A

Sensory - detection of internal/external stimuli and transfer to CNS

Integrative - analysis and storing of information

Motor - stimulation of effectors (e.g muscles and glands) through PNS

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5
Q

List the two neural cell types

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

Neuroglia (supportive cells)

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6
Q

What is the structure of a neuron?

A

Cell body

Short branched dendrites - convey nerve impulses

Axon - conducts nerve impulses to another neuron or tissue

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7
Q

List the 3 structural classifications of neurons

A
  1. Multipolar
  2. Bipolar
  3. Unipolar
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8
Q

List the structural features of a multipolar neuron and give an example of a multipolar neuron.

A

Several dendrites

One axon

All motor neurons (muscles) are multipolar neurons

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9
Q

Describe the structure of a bipolar neuron and give an example of where a bipolar neuron may be found

A

One dendritic process (unbranded at cell body)

One axon

Cell body found between dendrite and axon

Special sense organs - sight, smell, hearing

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10
Q

Describe the structure of a unipolar neuron and give an example of a unipolar neuron

A

Dendrites and axon continuous

Cell body off to the side

Most sensory nerves are unipolar neurons

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11
Q

List the 3 functional classifications of neurons and the structural classification they’re associated with

A

Sensory (afferent) - unipolar
Motor (efferent) - multipolar
Interneurons - multipolar

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12
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Neural cells found in both the CNS and the PNS. Do not propagate action potentials/nerve impulses.

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13
Q

List the 4 types of CNS neuroglia

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Eppendymal cells
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14
Q

What is the structure and function of an astrocyte?

A

Star shaped

Support

Contributes to blood brain barrier

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15
Q

What is the function of an oligodendrocyte?

A

Forms myelin sheath around CNS axons via secretion. Can form multiple myelin sheaths from one cell.

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16
Q

What is the function of microglia in the CNS?

A

Phagocytise, active immune defense in CNS

17
Q

What is the function of eppendymal cells in the CNS?

A

Production of cerebrospinal fluid

18
Q

What two types of neuroglia can be found in the PNS?

A
  1. Schwann cells

2. Satellite cells

19
Q

What is the function of a Schwann cell in the PNS?

A

Wraps around axons to form myelin sheath. One cell per axon.

20
Q

What is the function of a satellite cell in the PNS?

A

Surrounds cell bodies

Support

Fluid exchange

21
Q

What are the similarities and differences between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

A

Oligodendrocytes: found only in CNS, secretes myelin sheath around axons, capable of secreting sheaths for multiple axons

Schwann cells: found only in PNS, forms myelin sheath around axons by wrapping around it, one cell per axon

22
Q

Define dendrite

A

A short branched extension of a nerve cell

23
Q

Define axon

A

Long thread-like part of a nerve cell; impulses from cell body to other cells.