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Muscle & Nerve Tissue > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
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2
Q

What is the location, structure, control and function of skeletal muscle?

A

Location: attached to bones via tendons

Structure: long cells, striated, multinucleated, cylindrical cells

Control: voluntary

Function: motion, posture, heat, protection

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3
Q

What surrounds skeletal muscle?

A

Protective connective tissue

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4
Q

List the levels of organisation in skeletal muscles

A

Muscle fibres ->fascicles -> specific anatomical muscles

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5
Q

What are striations composed of?

A

Highly organised arrangement of myofibrils

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6
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

Contractile units of muscle fibres, fill sarcoplasm and extend entire length of cell

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7
Q

Name the two types of myofibrils

A

Thin - actin

Thick - myosin

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8
Q

Do myofilaments extend the entire length of the muscle fibre?

A

No, they form compartments called sarcomeres

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9
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

The basic functional unit of a myofibril, extends between two Z discs

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10
Q

What does an A band contain?

A

All thick filaments

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11
Q

What does the I band contain?

A

Only thin filaments

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12
Q

What does the H zone contain?

A

Only thick filaments

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13
Q

What is the M line?

A

The middle of the sarcomere: holds thick filaments together

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14
Q

What is the function of a Z disc?

A

The Z disc passes through the centre of a band and separates sarcomeres from one another

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15
Q

List the 4 principle connective tissue groupings associated with skeletal muscle

A
  1. Tendons
  2. Epimysium
  3. Perimysium
  4. Endomysium
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16
Q

What kind of connective tissue are tendons made of, and where can a tendon be found?

A

Dense regular; attaches to bone

17
Q

What type of connective tissue comprises the epimysium? Where is the epimysium found?

A

Dense irregular; surrounds anatomical muscle

18
Q

What type of connective tissue comprises the perimysium? Where is the perimysium found?

A

Dense irregular; surrounds muscle bundles/fascicles

19
Q

What type of connective tissue comprises the endomysium? Where can the endomysium be found?

A

Areolar; surrounds each muscle fibre

20
Q

What is the location, structure, control and function of cardiac muscle?

A

Location: heart

Structure: striated, branched, single nucleus, intercalated discs

Control: involuntary

Function: coordinated contractions pumps blood

21
Q

What is an intercalated disc comprised of?

A

Desmosomes: bind intermediate filaments - adhesion in contraction

Gap junctions: communication - coordinated, rapid conduction of the contraction stimulus

22
Q

What is the location, structure, control and function of smooth muscle?

A

Location: walls of hollow internal structures (e.g blood vessels, intestines, uterus)

Structure: non-striated, short, single nucleus

Control: involuntary

Function: contractions to push

23
Q

What do thin filaments attach to in smooth muscle tissue?

A

Dense bodies (function similarly to Z discs)

24
Q

What also connects to dense bodies alongside thin filaments in smooth muscle tissue?

A

Intermediate filaments (non-contractile) - tension transmitted to intermediate filaments cause cell “twisting”

25
Q

What does muscle tissue do?

A

Utilises energy from hydrolysis of ATP to generate force

Contractions produce body movements, maintains posture and generates heat

26
Q

Define striation

A

Dark and light bands in muscle fibres. Caused by thin and thick filaments

27
Q

Define sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of striated muscle cells

28
Q

What does the prefix myo- mean?

A

Of or relating to muscles

29
Q

What are intercalated discs?

A

Structures unique to cardiac muscle, comprises of desmosomes and gap junctions

Muscle & Nerve Tissue (2 decks)

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