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Histology > Nervous tissue > Flashcards

Nervous tissue Flashcards

1
Q

…………. is the focal point for the outgrowth of neuronal processes?

A

Nerve cell body

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2
Q

What is responsible for the amitotic nature of neurons?

A

Absence of centrioles

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3
Q

Axons arise from a cone-shaped area …………..

A

Axon hillock

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4
Q

Cytoskeleton of neuron is formed by ……………….

A

Microtubules and neurofilaments

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5
Q

The cell body is also known as …………

A

Soma

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6
Q

What are myelinated axons called in the CNS and PNS respectively?

A

Tracts in the CNS, and nerves in the PNS

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7
Q

Name two types of neuronal processes

A

Axons and dendrites

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8
Q

What are the two types of neuronal processes?

A

Axons and dendrites

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9
Q

……………. are the receptive or input regions of the neuron

A

Dendrites

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10
Q

Dendrites branch extensively from ………………

A

Dendritic tree

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11
Q

The glial cell that produces the lipid sheath of peripheral neurones is ……………

A

Swann cell

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12
Q

Cells of the nervous system that provide functional and structural support for the neurones are ………………

A

Glial cells

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13
Q

Golgi complexes are present in dendrites, true or false??

A

False

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14
Q

Axolemma refers to …………..

A

The plasma membrane of an axon

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15
Q

Axon terminals are also referred to as ………………….

A

Terminal boutons

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16
Q

Outline the two ways through which movement along an axon can occur

A
  • Anterograde: toward the axon terminal
  • Retrograde: toward the cell body
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17
Q

What are the functions of axons?

A

• Generate and transmit action potential
• Secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals

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18
Q

……………. neurons conduct impulses towards the CNS

A

Sensory, or afferent

19
Q

……………… carry impulses toward the body surface

A

Motor/efferent neurons

20
Q

What are Interneurons

A

any neurons between a sensory and a motor neuron

21
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A specialised region of contact between two neurons

22
Q

Nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to the other through …………….

A

Neurotransmitters

23
Q

3 varieties of synapses include …………..

A

Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic

24
Q

Name the three parts of synapses

A

Presynaptic part
Synaptic cleft
Postsynaptic part

25
Q

Myelin is produced by …………… in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocyte

26
Q

Supporting cells of the CNS are grouped together as ………

A

Neuroglia

27
Q

Name the types of neuroglia in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

28
Q

The type of astrocyte in the grey matter is …………

A

Protoplasmic

29
Q

The white matter contains ………….. type of astrocytes

A

Fibrous

30
Q

What are the functions of microglia

A

They are spider-like phagocytes that dispose of debris like dead brain cells and bacteria

31
Q

A note on ependymal cells

A

They line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord, and circulate the CSF by beating their cilia.
They are arranged in a single layer, and could be ciliates cuboidal, or ciliated columnar in shape.

32
Q

Oligodendrocytes can be defined as?

A

Small round cells with few cytoplasmic processes. Oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath in the CNS.

33
Q

What are the functions of myelin?

A
  • Fatty insulation covering nerve cells
  • They allow electrical signals transmit faster. They can be likened to wire coatings.
34
Q

Define an axon

A

The axon of a neuronenveloped by special ectodermal sheaths.
A nerve is formed of a bundle of many nerve fibres, with their ectodermal sheaths.

35
Q

Mention the CT sheaths surrounding nerve fibres

A

Endoneurium – Surrounds the axon of an individual neurone.

Perineurium – Surrounds a fascicle, which is a collection of neurones.

Epineurium – Surrounds the entire nerve, which is formed by a collection of fascicles. It contains numerous small blood vessels, which supply the nerve fibres. Epineurium appears on the nerve as it exits the intervertebral foramen.

36
Q

Endoneurium is created by the fusion of ……………… layers of the meninges

A

Arachnoid and pia mater

37
Q

What is the effect of multiple sclerosis?

A

It affects the ability of the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to communicate with each other.

38
Q

Multiple sclerosis is caused by …………..

A

The attack of the body’s own immune system on myelin; this leads to the damage of myelin.

39
Q

What is glioma?

A

Malignant tumour on the glial tissue of the nervous system.

40
Q

What is Medulloblastoma?

A

It is a malignant tumour of the CNS, it is mostly found in the cerebellum of children.

41
Q

What is schwannoma?

A

Schwannoma is a tumor that develops from Schwann cells in the PNS. They are usually benign.

42
Q

…………… insulate and support cells of ganglia

A

Satellite cells

43
Q

What’s the structural difference between the types of neuroglia?

A

They are both flattened cells, but satellite cells have prominent nucleus while Schwann cell have flattened nucleus.

Histology (8 decks)

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