Nervous Systems: Cells and Functions

Question 1

In vertebrates, where are most of the cells of the nervous system found?

Answer 1

Brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Answer 3

Axon Hillock

Question 4

Answer 4

Dendrites

Question 5

Answer 5

Neuron

Question 6

Answer 6

Axon

Question 7

Answer 7

Synapse

Question 8

True or False:

Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The resting potential of neurons is:

Answer 9

-60mV

Question 10

Briefly explain why the action potential flows only from the axon hillock to the terminal web.

Answer 10

The action potential originates from the axon hillock which initiates the flow of the action potential because of higher density voltage-gated ion channels.

Question 11

The action potential is:

Answer 11

A result of the movement of ions.

Question 12

When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Excitatory synapse cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is;

Answer 14

Calcium ions

Question 15

Voltage-gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

The terminal web:

Answer 16

is a site of exocytosis

Question 17

The neural tissues are:

Answer 17

Spinal cord, sensory neurons, and brain

Question 18

Fast neurons as described in the lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

List the 4 types of glial cells and list a phrase to describe their function.

Answer 19

Schwann
Myelin
Astrocytes
Microglia

Question 20

Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The axon from a pre-synaptic cell contacts the axon of another neuron.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Acetylcholine exocytose from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K-ATPase pump.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

The post-synaptic cell can be:

Answer 27

In glands, muscle cells, and neurons

Question 28

Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

The action potential is:

Answer 29

A result of the movement of ions

Question 30

The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

The receptors in post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the synapse can be defined as inhibitory or excitatory.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid

Answer 32

False

Question 33

The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal

Answer 33

False

Question 34

When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channedl.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Excitatory synapses cause depolarization of the post-synaptic cell.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 37

True