Nervous Systems

Question 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

deals with brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

deals with cranial nerve and spinal nerve

Question 3

gyrus

Answer 3

surface fold of the cerebrum

Question 4

sulcus

Answer 4

grooves of the cerebrum

Question 5

frontal lobe

Answer 5

• motor control
• problem solving
• speech production

Question 6

parietal lobe

Answer 6

• touch perception
• body orientation and sensory discrimination

Question 7

occipital lobe

Answer 7

• sight (visual cortex)
• visual reception and visual interpretation

Question 8

cerebellum

Answer 8

• balance and coordination

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

• auditory processing
• language comprehension
• memory / information retrieval

Question 10

precentral gyrus

Answer 10

primary motor cortex

Question 11

postcentral gyrus

Answer 11

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 12

gray matter vs white matter

Answer 12

• gray matter is on the outside of the brain and consists of neuronal cell bodies
• white matter consists of myelinated axons

Question 13

3 types of brain fibers

Answer 13

1. association fibers: confined to the same hemisphere
   - short a-fibers connect cortical areas in adjacent gyri
   - long association fibers pass between cortical areas
2. commissural fibers
   - orginate from cell bodies in the cortex of one hemisphere –> cross midline –> synapse with neurons in corresponding areas of cortex of the other hemisphere
3. projection fibers: project to and from the cortex

Question 13

nomenclature of spinal nerves

Answer 13

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral

Question 13

incoming information

Answer 13

afferent (sensory)
1. visceral sensory
2. somatic sensory

Question 14

outgoing information

Answer 14

efferent (motor)
1. visceral motor (organ control, not actually in control)
1a.sympathetic
1b.parasympathetic
2. somatic motor (muscle movement you do control)

Question 15

autonomic NS

Answer 15

part of the PNS - controls functions that are automatic: heart beat, respiration, digestion

Question 15

T1 to L2 spinal segments

Answer 15

• sympathetic nervous system: fight or flight, puts body on alert

Question 15

spinal nerve components

Answer 15

• posterior root: sensory nerves move through
• anterior root: motor nerves move through
• spinal nerve: mixed nerves

Question 16

brainstem cranial nerves + S2 to S4

Answer 16

parasympathetic nervous system: relaxes body

Question 17

ganglion

Answer 17

nerve cell body

Question 18

principles of convergence and divergence in autonomic ganglia

Answer 18

• a single instruction (preganglionic) is amplified very rapidly to different parts of the body (divergence)
• postganglionic, a neuron will receive multiple signals (convergence)

Question 19

relationship between enteric nervous system and components of peripheral nervous system

Answer 19

slide pg 32

Question 20

enteric NS and intestinal behaviours

Answer 20

the enteric nervous system can regulate intestinal behaviours in the absence of CNS input