Nervous Systems Flashcards
central nervous system (CNS)
deals with brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
deals with cranial nerve and spinal nerve
gyrus
surface fold of the cerebrum
sulcus
grooves of the cerebrum
frontal lobe
- motor control
- problem solving
- speech production
parietal lobe
- touch perception
- body orientation and sensory discrimination
occipital lobe
- sight (visual cortex)
- visual reception and visual interpretation
cerebellum
- balance and coordination
temporal lobe
- auditory processing
- language comprehension
- memory / information retrieval
precentral gyrus
primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex
gray matter vs white matter
- gray matter is on the outside of the brain and consists of neuronal cell bodies
- white matter consists of myelinated axons
3 types of brain fibers
- association fibers: confined to the same hemisphere
- short a-fibers connect cortical areas in adjacent gyri
- long association fibers pass between cortical areas - commissural fibers
- orginate from cell bodies in the cortex of one hemisphere –> cross midline –> synapse with neurons in corresponding areas of cortex of the other hemisphere - projection fibers: project to and from the cortex
nomenclature of spinal nerves
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
incoming information
afferent (sensory)
1. visceral sensory
2. somatic sensory
outgoing information
efferent (motor)
1. visceral motor (organ control, not actually in control)
1a.sympathetic
1b.parasympathetic
2. somatic motor (muscle movement you do control)
autonomic NS
part of the PNS - controls functions that are automatic: heart beat, respiration, digestion
T1 to L2 spinal segments
- sympathetic nervous system: fight or flight, puts body on alert
spinal nerve components
- posterior root: sensory nerves move through
- anterior root: motor nerves move through
- spinal nerve: mixed nerves
brainstem cranial nerves + S2 to S4
parasympathetic nervous system: relaxes body
ganglion
nerve cell body
principles of convergence and divergence in autonomic ganglia
- a single instruction (preganglionic) is amplified very rapidly to different parts of the body (divergence)
- postganglionic, a neuron will receive multiple signals (convergence)
relationship between enteric nervous system and components of peripheral nervous system
slide pg 32
enteric NS and intestinal behaviours
the enteric nervous system can regulate intestinal behaviours in the absence of CNS input
