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Anatomy - Heckert > Nervous System, Spinal Cord, Spinal Tracts and Spinal nerves > Flashcards

Nervous System, Spinal Cord, Spinal Tracts and Spinal nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The alar plate eventually turns into the:

A

dorsal plate (dorsal horn/sensory)

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2
Q

The basal plate eventually turns into the:

A

ventral plate (ventral horn/motor)

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3
Q

Dorsally is to afferent as Ventrally is to

A

efferent

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4
Q

What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord?

A

Lumbar enlargement, Cervival enlargement

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5
Q

Central Processes grow into

A

spinal cord and dorsal horn

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6
Q

Peripheral processes grow into

A

the body and connect with structures to receive somatosenory implules

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7
Q

Posterior rootlets are sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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8
Q

Dura mater is associated with:

Arachnoid mater is associated with:

Pia mater is associated with:

A

Tough outer coating

Function of spinal fluid, itimately connected to dura mater.

Adherent to spinal cord, makes up the denticulate ligaments (attach to inside of dura mater) and filum terminalis (inferior projection of pia mater into sacral canal)

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Anterior (ventral) rami are involved in hypaxial innervation

Posterior dorsal rami are involved in epaxial innervation

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What immediatly follows the conus medullaris?

A

cauda equina

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11
Q

The conus medullaris is the point at which:

A

The spinal cord ends.

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12
Q

Lumbar punctures are typically placed where?

A

cauda equina

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13
Q

True or false: An injury to the thoracic cord region would cause you to use a cane

A

False, you would lose the ability to walk (wheel chair)

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14
Q

Spinal nerves are apart of what nervous system

A

PNS

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15
Q

True or False: Spinal nerves carry only sensory impulses

A

False, they carry both sensory and motor

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16
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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17
Q

Which area of spinal nerves exit above the vertebrae?

A

Cervical

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18
Q

List how many nerves are in each of the below sections:

C

T

L

S

Co

A

8

12

5

5

1

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19
Q

Rootlets converge on:

A

Roots

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20
Q

Dorsal roots of the spinal cord are what type of innervation?

A

Sensory

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21
Q

ventral roots of the spinal cord are what type of innervation?

A

motor

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22
Q

Dorsal ramus of the spinal cord are what type of innervation?

A

both sensory and motor

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23
Q

Sympathetic trunk is associated with which regions?

A

Thoracic and Cervical Regions

Flight or Fight

Gray and white communicantes

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24
Q

Exteroception is the term we use for:

A

Somato Sensory

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25
Q

Interoception is the term we use for…

A

Visceral Sensory (nausea), something is not right but not sure where it is

26
Q

Proprioception refers to:

A

ability for body to know where it is in space. Joints send feedback to brain.

27
Q

Dermatomes are

A

areas of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single nerve root.

28
Q

Are intercostal nerves ventral or dorsal rami?

A

ventral

29
Q

Are SPINAL nerve plexuses ventral or dorsal rami?

A

ventral

30
Q

Myotome

A

A group of muscles that is primarily innervated by the motor fibers of a single nerve root

31
Q

What is housed in the gray matter?

A

Cell bodies

32
Q

How many intercostal nerves do you have?

A

12

33
Q

What are the names of the branches of the intercostal nerves?

A

anterior and lateral (side of body)

34
Q

Intercostalbrachial nerve is which intercostal nerves?

A

T2

responsible for limb pain, also heart pain on left

35
Q

What is the 12th intercostal nerve?

A

subcostal nerve

36
Q

Cervical plexus includes what nerves?

A

C1-C4

37
Q

Ansa cervicalis serves what function and is located where?

A

Cervical plexus, nerves responsible for motor to front of neck muscles

38
Q

Phrenic nerve is located where and serves what function?

A

Cervical plexus, C345 keeps the diaphram alive, mechanical breathing function

39
Q

Brachial Plexus includes what nerves?

A

C5-T1

40
Q

What is the heirarchy of the brachial plexus nerves? RTDCB

A

Real Texans Drink Cold Beer -

Roots converge on trunks

Trunks have anterior or posterior divisions

Divisions converge on cords

Cords converge on branches

41
Q

Location wise, when you think brachial plexus think:

A

Armpit

42
Q

Radial nerve, Median nerve, and Ulnar nerve come from what plexus and what limb (upper or lower)?

A

Brachial, upper limb

43
Q

Musculocutaneous, Median, and Ulnar nerve innervate what portion of the upper limb?

A

Anterior

44
Q

Radial and Axillary branches innervate what portion of the upper limb?

A

Posterior

45
Q

Lumbar Plexus includes what nerves?

A

L1-L4

46
Q

What is special about the L5?

A

it has the lumbo sacral trunk (connecting Lumbar and Sacral plexus)

47
Q

Anterior innervation of the thigh comes from what nerve and in what plexus?

A

Femoral, Lumbar plexus

48
Q

Medial innervation of the thigh comes from what nerve and what plexus?

A

Obturator nerve, lumbar plexus

49
Q

Sacral Plexus includes what nerves?

A

L4-S4

50
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve, innervates the entire posterior thigh and everything from the knee down.

51
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve split?

A

Poplyteal region, splits into fibular and tibial (posterior aspect of leg) divisions

52
Q

All reflexes have what properties in common?

A

Require a stimulus

Rapid Response

Automatic Response

53
Q

In a reflex arc the receptor is always located where?

A

PNS

54
Q

Ipsilateral reflex arcs refer to what?

A

receptor and effector on same side

55
Q

Contralateral reflex arcs refer to what?

A

Sensory impulses cross over through spinal cord to activate effector on opposite side

ex. Step on a tack with left foot, contract muscles in right leg to maintain balance.

56
Q

Do monosynaptic arcs or polysynaptic arcs require interneurons?

A

polysynaptic arcs

57
Q

What’s an example of a monosynapic reflex?

A

knee-jerk

58
Q

Whats an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

A

touching a stove

59
Q

Which is faster, monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex arcs?

A

monosynaptic

60
Q

Stretch reflexes are associated with monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

A

monosynaptic

61
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Tendon reflex?

A

Prevents skeletal muscles from tensing excessively, inhibits motor neurons

62
Q

Reflexes from the monosynaptic patellar knee reflex are categorized in what 3 ways?

A

normal

hypoactive

hyperactive

Anatomy - Heckert (4 decks)

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