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Infectious diseases > Nervous system´s infections > Flashcards

Nervous system´s infections Flashcards

1
Q

The most common cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in neonates aged ≤ 72 hours

A

Group B Streptococci

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2
Q

Main cause of meningitis in newborns

A

1- Group B Streptococci

2- E. coli
3- Lysteria monocytogenes

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3
Q

Main cause of meningitis in children 1 month - 2 years

A

1- Streptococcus pneumoniae

2- Neisseria meningitidis
3- Group B Streptococci
4- Haemophilus influenzae B (if not immunized)

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4
Q

Main cause of meningitis 2-50 years

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae (except 11-17 Neisseria meningitidis)

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5
Q

Main cause of meningitis at over 50 years of age

A

1- Streptococcus pneumoniae

2- E. coli
3- Listeria monocytogenes
4- Haemophilus influenzae b
5- N

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6
Q

Inflammatory disease of the meninges

A

Meningitis

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7
Q

Inflamation of the cerebral parenchyma

A

Encephalitis

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8
Q

Encapsulated concentration of pus inside of the brain. Tends to be pluribacterial.

A

Brain abcess

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9
Q

Most common bacterial causes of meningitis in HIV

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Listeria monocytogenes

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10
Q

Most common viral causes of meningitis in HIV

A

CMV
VZV
HSV-2
EBV
HSV-6
JCV (leukoencephalopathy)

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11
Q

Most common fungal causes of meningitis in HIV

A

Cryptococcus

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12
Q

Bacterial pathogens most related to brain abcess post-sinusitis

A

Streptococcus viridans
Streptococcus milleri
Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

Most common parasitical cause of meningitis in HIV

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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14
Q

Clinical triad of meningitis

A

Fever
Headache
Neck stifness (rigidez nuca)

(Bacterial meningitis symptoms, in only 50% of cases)

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15
Q

Most common agent of meningitis post a basilar skull fracture

A

S. pneumoniae

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16
Q

Most common agent of meningitis post a penetrating trauma

A

Staphylococcus aureus

17
Q

Clinical signs of meningitis IN NEONATES

A

Lethargy
Muscle hypotonia
Vomiting
Hypo/hyperthermia
¡¡¡Fontanelle bulging!!!

18
Q

Clinical triad of acute encephalitis

A
  • Focal neurological deficiencies (related to medial temporal lobe)
  • Seizures
  • Altered mental status
19
Q

Prodromal symptoms of encephalitis

A

Fever
Headache
Nausea/vomiting

20
Q

Most common pathways on infection meningitis

A

1- Previous colonization of the nasopharynx or uppar airways before entering the CNS through:
* hematogenous dissemination
* contiguous tissue spread

2- Direct infection due to head trauma or surgery

21
Q

Incubation period bacterial meningitis

A

3-7 days

22
Q

Treatment for bacterial meningitis for children under 1 month

A

Ampicilin + an aminoglicoside (gentamicine) +/ 3° gen cephalosporin (cefotaxime / ceftazidime)

NOT ceftriaxone (contraindicated for high risk of billiary sludging uner

23
Q

Treatment for bacterial meningitis in children over 1 month to adults under 50 years

A

Vancomycin + 3° gen cephalosporin (ceftriaxone/ cefotaxime)

24
Q

Treatment for bacterial meningitis in adults over 50 years

A

Vancomycin + ampicilin + 3° gen cephalosporin (ceftriaxone/ cefotaxime)

25
Q

Treatment for bacterial meningitis in immunocompromised patients

A

Vancomycin + ampicilin +
cefepime / meropenem

  • cefepime (4° gen cef)
  • meropenem (carbapenem)
26
Q

tx viral meningitis (enterovirus)

A

Supportively (symptoms)

27
Q

Tx viral meningitis (VZV / HSV-1 / HSV-2)

A

Acyclovir

28
Q

Tx viral meningitis CMV

A

Ganciclovir / Valganciclovir

29
Q

If meningitis due to S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae is suspected or proven, include ———— to tx

A

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone)

30
Q

If meningitis due to L. monocytogenes is suspected or proven, include ——– to tx

A

Ampicilin

31
Q

Syndrome commonly associated with meningococcal meningitis

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
(adenal insufficiency caused by an adenal hemorrage)

With a petechial rash, fever, hypotension, shock, IV coagulation

  • Coagulopathy —– Icutus —– Necrosis
  • Coagulopathy —– Embolus —– Hemorrage
32
Q

Bacteria most commonly related to brain abcesses

A

Streptococcus milleri
Viridans streptococci (sinusitis)
Streptococcus aureus

33
Q

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in a basilar cranial fracture

A

S. pneumoniae

34
Q

Most common cause of bacterial meningitis from a external cranial fracture

A

Streptococcus aureus

35
Q

Infiltration of neutrophils and cerebral edema in the first 3-5 days of infection

A

Early cerebritis

36
Q

Necrosis, liquefaction, and infiltration of macrophages that eventually results in the formation of a fibrotic capsule around the lesion and happens after 2-3 weeks of infection

A

Late cerebritis

37
Q

Multiple brain abcesses is related to a ———- spread

A

Hematogenous

38
Q

Single brain abcesses are related to a ———- spread.

A

Contiguous

Infectious diseases (4 decks)

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