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Cardiopulmonary Physiology > Nervous System Regulation > Flashcards

Nervous System Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Local control of blood flow to tissue by which 2 theories?

A

Vasodilator and O2 Lack theories

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2
Q

Characteristic of elastic arteries

A

Stretch and recoil every heartbeat to maintain pressure

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3
Q

Characteristic of muscular arteries

A

Adjust diameter for blood pressure control, can regulate flow to parts of body

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4
Q

Characteristic of arterioles

A

Control blood flow to tissue

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5
Q

Characteristic of capillaries

A

serve tissues and are for local control of blood to tissue

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6
Q

Venules? What do they do?

A

collect blood from capillaries

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7
Q

Characteristic of veins?

A

Reservoir, transport to heart

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8
Q

Autonomic Nervous System regulates locally or globally?

Has which 3 effects on the CVP system?

A

Globally

1) redistributes blood flow to different areas of body
2) affects HR
3) rapidly changes arterial blood pressure

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9
Q

Which system has most influence in circulation regulation?

Which system assists in heart function regulation?

A

SNS is primary influence in circulation

PSNS assists in regulation of heart function

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10
Q

Where do the SNS vasomotor nerves leave the body at?

A

T1-L2

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11
Q

SNS innervates all vessels except which 3?

A

Capillaries, precapillary sphincters, metarterioles

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12
Q

What happens to vessels of SNS innervation?

A

SNS –> vasoconstriction –> High BP

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13
Q

SNS stimulation decreases vessel volume by what?

A

Vasoconstriction

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14
Q

Define circulatory shock

A

Condition where blood vessels are not properly filled and blood cannot circulate normally

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15
Q

What is hypovolemic shock?

A

Severe loss of blood/fluids that make the heart unable to pump blood to rest of the body

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16
Q

What is vascular shock?

A

characterized by a normal blood volume, but extreme vasodilation, often related to a loss of vasomotor tone, resulting in poor circulation and a rapid drop in blood pressure

TOO MUCH VASODILATION

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17
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe heart attack.

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18
Q

What is the SNS affect on HR?

A

Increases heart rate to circulate fuel and oxygen to vital organs for activity and defense

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19
Q

SNS affect on BP?

A

Increases blood pressure to get blood to the brain and vital organs

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20
Q

SNS affect on blood loss?

A

Increases blood clotting ,which minimizes blood loss if wounded during defense such as fight/flight

due to vasoconstriction

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21
Q

Vasoconstriction fibers distributed to all segments of circulation but largest to which 4 areas of the body and why?

A

Kidneys, intestines, spleen, and skin.

Want to vasoconstrict blood flow to areas not needed for flight or fight arousal period. Want to maximize effiency to other areas

22
Q

Where are SNS fibers for vasoconstriction less distributed to?

A

skeletal mm and brain

23
Q

Where is the vasomotor center located?

A

Medulla Oblongata

24
Q

3 areas of the vasomotor center include:

A

vasoconstrictor area, vasodilator area, sensory area

25
Q

What happens if normal vasoconstrictor tone is lost?

A

vasodilation, widening of vessels will occur.

BP is not maintained and may drop

26
Q

SNS secretes what substance?

A

Norepinephrine

27
Q

Vasodilator area does what to the vasoconstrictor area?

A

Inhibits it.

28
Q

Which area helps control both vasoconstriction and vasodilation areas?

A

Sensory Areas

29
Q

Where are the sensory areas received?

A

Circulatory system via vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

30
Q

Adrenal medulla is stimulated by blood vessels and then secrets what 2 substances?

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine into blood system

31
Q

Epinephrine has what affect on some tissues?

A

vasodilation

32
Q

Cardiac center is located where and has what function?

A

Adjacent to vasomotor center. Adjusts HR and force of contraction to meet needs via the cardioaccelerator center and cardioinhibitory center

33
Q

What 2 centers does the cardiovascular center make up?

A

Cardiac center + vasomotor center

34
Q

Stimulation of vasomotor center has what affect on the cardiac center?

A

Stimulates cardiac centers

Therefore Heart Function and Vascular Function controlled SIMULTANEOUSLY!

  • Increases in vasoconstriction with increase HR
  • Decreases in HR with decreases in vasodilation
35
Q

What response is considered most sensitive of nervous system responses?

A

Blood pressure

Can increase x2 within 5-10 seconds

36
Q

Increase in Arterial Pressure result of simultaneous stimulation of what 2 things?

A

vasoconstriction and cardioacceleration

37
Q

Increases in Arterial Pressure have what 3 major changes?

A

Arterioles constrict, veins and other large vessels constrict, and SNS stimulation of heart occurs

38
Q

How does the body maintain normal arterial pressure?

A

Baroreceptors are in nearly every large artery of the neck and thorax are PRESSURE sensitive.

39
Q

barometer measures decline in MAP? What happens next?

A

Initiation of reflex vasoconstriction and increases cardiac output –> bp rise

40
Q

Standing up from a chair creates orthostatic hypotension, how does the body react when with the baroreceptors?

A

low BP fall will increase vasoconstriction and increase cardiac output so BP will rise for homeostasis.

41
Q

Functions of the baroreceptor function include 3 things:

A

Protects against acute changes in BP as a buffer system

Minimizes variation in BP

But is ineffective during prolonged pressure changes due to adaptability.

42
Q

Example of adaptability of a baroreceptor in hypertension?

A

Reset at higher set point due to prolonged period of HTN, limiting longterm response to higher perceived pressure

43
Q

Chemoreceptor is in contact with which blood ?

What does it sense?

What does it initiate?

A

Arterial blood

Senses low O2 or high CO2 or H+ that results with drops in arterial pressure.

Reflexive vaso/venoconstriction response

44
Q

What does the chemoreceptor increase?

A

cardiac output, heart rate, vasoconstriction

45
Q

Bainbridge reflex of the atria does what?

What kind of receptor is it?

A

Receptor= stretch

increases in arterial pressure increase in HR and strength of contraction to prevent blood from backing up.

46
Q

Low pressure receptor in the atria will do what?

A

Sense and minimize arterial pressure changes. If need be, it will initiate more fluid retention to increase pressure.

47
Q

Damage to atria can result in?

A

Damaged and less effective pressure receptors in atria.

48
Q

If CNS ischemia happens, what occurs?

A

STRONG REACTION OF VASOCONSTRICTOR AND CARDIOACCELERATOR CENTERS

LARGE RISE IN ARTERIAL PRESSURE

49
Q

What are the steps of cerebral ischemic response?

A

1) large drop in BP
2) drop in cerebral blood flow
3) increases in CO2 and H+
4) ACTIVATION OF VMC
5) increase sympathetic activity
6) increase in TPR, HR
7) restoration of BP

50
Q

As the SNS activates what happens to EDV and ESV levels?

A

ESV levels decrease and EDV increases

51
Q

Formula for cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

Cardiopulmonary Physiology (7 decks)

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