Integrated System for Blood Pressure Reg

Question 1

How much blood passes through the kidneys every day?

Answer 1

50 gallons of blood roughly, making 1.3 quarts of urine.

Question 2

Long term mechanisms include maintaining what?

Answer 2

Homeostasis of body fluid volume ( of intake and output of fluids)

Through regulation of kidney excretion of water and Na+

Question 3

Increase in extracellular fluid does what to blood volume and arterial pressure?

Answer 3

Increases both

Question 4

What is the normal body response to extracellular fluid accumulation?

Answer 4

Kidneys excrete and pressure returns to normal.

Question 5

If we have reduced blood volume, how does the kidneys respond?

Answer 5

Kidneys don’t excrete as much and the body retains more water, increasing BP

Question 6

Pressure diuresis?

Answer 6

Renal output of water

Question 7

Pressure natriuresis?

Answer 7

Renal output of salt

Question 8

What happens if blood volume increase?

Answer 8

Blood pressure increases

Question 9

What happens if blood volume decreases?

Answer 9

Blood pressure decreases

Question 10

Excess salt intake leads to what?

Answer 10

Increase water retention–> increase MAP

Question 11

Higher arterial pressure leads to what in the excretory system?

Answer 11

Higher urine output

Question 12

Long term, water and salt intake must equal what?

Answer 12

Output

Question 13

Arterial Pressure formula?

Answer 13

cardiac output x TPR

Question 14

2 mechanisms to increase arterial pressure?

Answer 14

Direct effect: increased cardiac output increases pressure and Indirect effects of autoregulation

Question 15

What is the main determinant of extracellular fluid volume?

Answer 15

Amount of salt accumulation in the body

Question 16

MAP > 110 mmhg true or false? For chronic hypertension

Answer 16

true for chronic hypertension

Question 17

What is Renin?

Answer 17

hormone that acts as an enzyme, released during arterial pressure drop, or when renal perfusion is inadequate.

Question 18

What does the Renin-Angiotensin system do?

Answer 18

Helps raise arterial pressure. Can save life during system in circulatory shock

Question 19

Angiotensin II is a powerful what?

Answer 19

Vasoconstrictor

Question 20

How does angiotensin lead to increased arterial pressure?

Answer 20

Water retention of salt/water and vasoconstriction

Question 21

What is Angiotensin’s direct effect on kidneys?

Answer 21

Retain water and salt

Question 22

What is angiotensin’s indirect effect?

Answer 22

Causes adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone, increasing salt/water re-absorption by kidneys

Question 23

What is primary hyper tension known as?

Answer 23

silent killer; doesn’t have a second cause; weight gain and sedentary lifestyle?

Question 24

What happens to cardiac output, SNS activity, and angiotensin II/aldosterone levels in people with hypertension?

Answer 24

Higher CO, increase in SNS activity increase, angiotensin II/aldosterone levels increase

Question 25

What are some treatment options in HTN?

Answer 25

Lifestyle modifications

Pharmacological- Vasodilator drugs and Natriuretic/ diuretics

Question 26

What are 3 rapid ( seconds) controls for arterial pressure?

Answer 26

Baroreceptor feedback
CNS ischemic response
Chemoreceptor reflex

Question 27

What are 2 semi-rapid controls for arterial pressure? (minutes/hours)

Answer 27

Renin-angiotensin vasoconstrictor mechanism

Fluid shifts through capillary walls

Question 28

Long term (hours/days/years) 2 examples of control of arterial pressure?

Answer 28

Renin-body fluid system

Aldosterone