Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology Lecture > Nervous System Part 1 > Flashcards

Nervous System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

deals with normal functioning and disorders of

the nervous system

A

neurology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is a physician who diagnoses and treats

disorders of the nervous system

A

neurologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neurons enclosed within skull

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

 connects to brain and enclosed within spinal

cavity

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bundles of many axons of neurons

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

groups of neuron cell bodies located outside of

brain and spinal cord

A

ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

networks in digestive tracts

A

ENTERIC PLEXUSES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

monitor changes in internal or external

environments

A

SENSORY RECEPTORS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 functions of the nervous system

A

sensory, integrative and motor function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Carry information into brain and spinal cord

through cranial and spinal nerves

A

Sensory receptors and sensory nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

awareness of sensory input

A

perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sensory receptors : afferent nerves

integration : _____________

A

information processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signals to muscles and glands (effectors)

A

motor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

consist of Brain and spinal cord

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

consist of All nervous system structures outside of the CNS

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

also called as Nerve cells

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Possess electrical excitability, the ability to 
respond to a stimulus and convert it into an 
action potential (electrical signal/nerve impulse) 
that travels along neurons
A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

support, nourish and protect neurons

A

neuroglia cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 parts of neurons

A

cell body
axon
dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

yellowish brown granules in the

cytoplasm; product of neuronal lysosomes

A

Lipofuscin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

collection of cell bodies outside the
CNS; serve as relay stations or
distributing centers

A

ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neuronal process that emerges from the

cell body

A

nerve fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

 Little trees
 Receiving or input portions
 Contain numerous receptor sites
 Highly branched structures that carry impulses
to the cell body
 Cytoplasm contains Nissl bodies, mitochondria,
and other organelles

A

dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

 Conducts nerve impulses away from the cell
body toward another neuron, muscle fiber or
gland cells
 Long, thin, cylindrical projection
 Emerges at cone-shaped axon hillock (small
hill)

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

axon part nearest the axon hillock

A

initial segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

nerve impulses arises; junction of

the axon hillock and initial segment

A

trigger zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Axon cytoplasm

A

axoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Axon plasma membrane

A

axolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

 fine processes at the end of the axon
 Synaptic end bulbs and varicosities
contain synaptic vesicles that can
release neurotransmitters

A

axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

 A molecule released from the synaptic
vesicle
 Excites/Inhibits another neuron, muscle
fiber or gland cell

A

neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
structural class that:
 Have several or many 
dendrites and one axon 
 Most common type in brain 
and spinal cord
A

multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

 Have one dendrite and

one axon

A

bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

where can bipolar processes extending from the body be found?

A

in retina of eye
inner ear
olfactory area of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

 Have fused dendrite and
axon that emerges from
the body

A

unipolar

35
Q

where can unipolar processes extending from the body be found?

A

Sensory neurons of spinal

and cranial nerves

36
Q

what begins in the embryo as bipolar neurons

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

37
Q

Convey impulses into CNS (brain or spinal

cord)

A

sensory neurons (afferent)

38
Q

 Mainly located within the CNS between sensory

and motor neurons.

A

Interneurons (ASSOCIATION NEURONS)

39
Q

Convey action potentials away from the CNS to
effectors (muscles and glands) in the periphery
(PNS) through cranial or spinal nerves.

A

MOTOR (EFFERENT) NEURONS

40
Q

Cells smaller but are 5-25 times more

numerous than neurons

A

neuroglia

41
Q

brain tumors derived from neuroglia

A

gilomas

42
Q

Largest and most numerous of the neuroglia.

A

astrocytes

43
Q

astrocytes that have many short branching processes and are found in gray matter

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes

44
Q

astrocytes that have many long unbranched processes and are located mainly in white matter

A

Fibrous astrocytes

45
Q

Resemble astrocytes but are smaller and

contain fewer processes

A

oligodendrocytes

46
Q

a multilayered lipid and protein
covering around some axons that insulates
them and increases the speed of nerve impulse
conduction

A

myelin sheath

47
Q

Small cells with slender processes that give off
numerous spinelike projections
Functions as phagocytes

A

MICROGLIA OR MICROGLIAL CELLS

48
Q

Cuboidal to columnar cells arranged in a single

layer that possess microvilli and cilia.

A

ependymal cells

49
Q

what completely surround axons and cell bodies

A

NEUROGLIA OF THE PNS

50
Q

encircle PNS axons and
participate in axon regeneration,
which is more easily accomplished in the PNS
than in the CNS

A

schwann cells

51
Q

flat cells that surround the cell bodies of

neurons of PNS ganglia

A

satellite cells

52
Q

what does the satellite cells regulate during the exchange of materials

A

neuronal cell bodies and interstitial

fluid

53
Q

what do you call it when Axons covered with a myelin sheath

A

Myelinated

54
Q

what happens if there are many layers of lipid and protein:

A

insulates the neurons

55
Q

outer nucleated cytoplasmic layer of the Schwann cell; encloses the myelin sheath

A

Neurolemma

56
Q

gaps in the myelin

A

nodes of ranvier

57
Q

cluster of cell bodies in PNS

A

ganglion

58
Q

cluster of cell bodies in CNS

A

neurons

59
Q

bundle of axons in PNS

A

nerve

60
Q

bundle of axons in CNS

A

tract

61
Q

primarily myelinated axons

A

white matter

62
Q

cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons,

axon terminals, neuroglia

A

grey matter

63
Q

when can axons and dendrite in the PNS only be repaired?

A

if cell body is intact and Schwann cells are functional

64
Q

used for short-distance communication

only

A

graded potentials

65
Q

allow communication over long

distances within the body

A

action potentials

66
Q

action potential that occurs in a neuron

nerve cell

A

nerve action potential or nerve impulse

67
Q

what 2 types of electrical signals do neurons use to communicate with each other

A

action and graded potentials

68
Q

an electric potential

(voltage) difference across cell membrane

A

membrane potential

69
Q

allow ions to move by diffusion

from high to low concentration

A

ion channels

70
Q

termed as the Resting membrane potential

A

voltage

71
Q

 Open and close on command
 Respond to changes in membrane so
can generate and conduct action
potentials

A

gated channels

72
Q

allow ions to leak
through membrane; there are more for K+
than for Na+

A

leakage channels

73
Q

what happens if an ion channel is open?

A

allow specific ions to
move across the plasma membrane down their
electrochemical gradient

74
Q

when does the creation of a flow of electrical
current that can change the membrane
potential happen?

A

when the ions move

75
Q

what is the typical resting membrane potential?

A

-70 mV

76
Q

a small deviation from the resting membrane potential that makes the membrane either more polarized or less polarized

A

graded potential

77
Q

occurs when two or more graded
potentials add together to become larger in
magnitude

A

summation

78
Q

determine what phase of action potential;

Na+ channels open → as more Na+ enters cell,
membrane potential rises and becomes positive
–70 → 0 → + 30 mv

A

depolarizing phase

79
Q

determine what phase of action potential;

K+ channels open → as more K+ leave cell,
membrane potential is returned to resting value
+ 30 → 0 → –70 mv

A

repolarizing phase

80
Q

Levels of ions back to normal by action of

Na+/K+ pump

A

recovery

81
Q

In unmyelinated fibers; slower form of

conduction

A

continuous conduction

82
Q

In myelinated fibers; faster as impulses “leap”

between nodes of Ranvier

A

saltatory conduction

83
Q

Factors that increase rate of conduction

A

o Amount of myelination
o large axon diameter
o warm nerve fibers

Anatomy and Physiology Lecture (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions