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Anatomy and Physiology Lecture > Muscular System Part 2 > Flashcards

Muscular System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the attachment of
muscle tendon to a
stationary bone

A

origin

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2
Q

attachment of muscle
tendon to a movable
bone

A

insertion

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3
Q

a rigid structure that moves around a fixed point

fulcrum

A

lever (fulcrum)

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4
Q

causes movement

A

effort

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5
Q
  • opposes movement
A

Load (resistance)

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6
Q

when does Motion occurs

A

when effort exceeds the load

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7
Q

acts as lever during movement

A

bone

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8
Q

acts as fulcrum during movement

A

joints

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9
Q

acts as effort during movement

A

muscle contraction

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10
Q

acts as load during movement

A

Weight of body part moved or resistance of

body part

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11
Q

the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort

farther from the fulcrum

A

mechanical advantage

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12
Q

The load is father from the fulcrum and the

effort is closer to the fulcrum

A

mechanical disadvantage

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13
Q

The fulcrum is between the effort and the load

A

first class lever (f)

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14
Q

The load is between the fulcrum and the effort

A

second class lever (l)

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15
Q

The effort is between the fulcrum and the load

`

A

third class lever (e)

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16
Q

most common lever in the body

A

third class lever (e)

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17
Q

uncommon lever in the body

A

second class lever (l)

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18
Q

Affects muscle’s power and range of motion

A

fascicle arrangement

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19
Q

The longer the muscle fibers, the

greater the range of motion

A

parallel muscles

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20
Q

The greater the total cross-sectional
area of a muscle, the greater power it
produce

A

pennate muscles

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21
Q

Fascicles parallel to
longitudinal axis of
muscles

A

parallel

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22
Q

Fascicles nearly parallel
to longitudinal axis of
muscles

A

fusiform

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23
Q 
Fascicles in concentric 
circular arrangements form 
sphincter muscles that 
enclose an orifice 
(opening).
A

circular

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24
Q

Fascicles spread over
broad area converge at
thick central tendon

A

triangular

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25
Q

Fascicles arranged on
only one side of the
tendon

A

unipennate

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26
Q

Fascicles arranged on
both sides of centrally
positioned tendons

A

bipennate

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27
Q

Fascicles attach
obliquely from many
directions to several
tendons

A

multipennate

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28
Q

Contracts to cause the action

A

prime mover (agonist)

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29
Q

Stretches and yields to the effect of prime

mover (relaxes)

A

antagonist

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30
Q

Usually needed when a prime mover crosses
other joints before it reaches the primary joint
where action is produced

A

synergist

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31
Q

Stabilizes the origin of the of the prime mover

A

fixator

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32
Q 
A group of skeletal muscles with their 
associated vessels (artery and vein), and 
nerves, all of which have common function
A

compartment

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33
Q

where does the muscles of facial expression lie?

A

Lies within the subcutaneous layer

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34
Q

what muscles is responsible for Look of surprise

A

Occipitofrontalis

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35
Q

what muscles is responsible for Closes lips (kissing)

A

Orbicularis oris

36
Q 
Draws angle of mouth superiorly 
and laterally (smiling
A

Zygomaticus major

37
Q

Elevates upper lip, exposing upper

tee

A

Zygomaticus minor

38
Q

Raises upper lip

A

Levator labii superioris

39
Q

Depresses lower lip

A

Depressor labii inferioris

40
Q

Presses cheeks against teeth and

lips (whistling, blowing, sucking

A

Buccinator

41
Q

Closes eye (wink)

A

Orbicularis oculi

42
Q 
Draws eyebrows inferiorly, wrinkles 
the forehead (frowning)
A

Corrugator supercilii

43
Q

Draws the angle of the mouth

laterally (Grimace)

A

risorius

44
Q

Unilateral paralysis of
the muscles of facial
expression

A

BELL’S PALSY

45
Q

Are muscles that move the eyeball

A

EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES

46
Q

A condition where two eyeballs are not properly

aligned

A

STRABISMUS

47
Q

The eyes are in LATERAL position at rest

A

External strabismus (EXOTROPIA)

48
Q

The eyes are in MEDIAL position at rest

A

Internal strabismus (ESOTROPIA)

49
Q
  • moves the

mandible from side to side

A

Pterygoid

50
Q

what divides the muscles in the tongue into lateral halves?

A

median fibrous

septum

51
Q

Originates outside the tongue and

inserts to the tongue

A

EXTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES

52
Q

Originate and insert within the tongue

A

INTRINSIC TONGUE MUSCLES

53
Q

what helps by inserting the tube through

the laryngopharynx to the trache

A

intubation

54
Q

Elevates the hyoid bone, floor of the oral

cavity and tongue during deglutition

A

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

55
Q

Depress the hyoid bone and move the

larynx during swallowing and speech

A

INFRAHYOID MUSCLES

56
Q

An oblique passage through the lower part

of the anterior abdominal wall

A

INGUINAL CANAL

57
Q

external oblique
aponeurosis and origin of internal
oblique

A

Anterior wall

58
Q

conjoint tendon
(medially) and transversalis fascia
(laterally)

A

Posterior wall

59
Q

lowest fibers of
internal oblique and transversus
abdominis

A

Superior wall (roof)

60
Q

lower edge of

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

A

Inferior wall (floor)

61
Q

protrusion of an organ through a

structure that normally contains it

A

HERNIA

62
Q

thoracic cavity increases in size

A

inhalation

63
Q

thoracic cavity decreases in size

A

exhalation

64
Q

Main muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

65
Q

Allows passage of aorta, thoracic

duct, and azygos vein

A

aortic hiatus

66
Q

Largest and most important muscle of

the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

67
Q

The region of the trunk inferior to the pelvic

diaphragm

A

perineum

68
Q

Happens during CHILDBIRTH that induces URINARY STRESS

INCONTINENCE

A

iNJURY TO LEVATOR ANI

69
Q

connects your upper limbs to the bones

along the axis of your body

A

PECTORAL GIRDLE

70
Q

Stabilizes the scapula so that it can
function as a steady origin for most of
the muscles that move the humerus

A

PECTORAL GIRDLE

71
Q

Are tendons of certain muscles that circle

around the shoulder joint

A

ROTATOR CUFF

72
Q

Strain or tear in the rotator cuff muscles

A

rotator cuff injury

73
Q

skeletal muscles with their associated blood
vessels and nerves grouped together by a
fascia

A

compartments

74
Q

Functions to provide support and locomotion

A

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE FOOT

75
Q

● Biceps femoris
● Semitendinosus
●Semimembranosus

These are collectively called?

A

HAMSTRING

76
Q

the great extensor leg

A

Quadriceps

femoris

77
Q

Stabilizes vertebral column and provides

proprioceptive feedback

A

SEGMENTAL MUSCLE GROUP

78
Q

extends the

vertebral column and rotate the head

A

Semispinalis muscles

79
Q

Produces weak but intricate and precise

movement of the hand

A

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE HAND

80
Q

lateral aspect of the palm

A

thenar

81
Q

(medial aspect of the palm)

A

hypothenar

82
Q

midpalmar

A

intermediate

83
Q

Structures under the carpal tunnel (esp. Median

nerve) are vulnerable to compression

A

CARPAL TUNNEL

SYNDROME

84
Q

Extends the head and laterally flex and

rotate the head

A

SPLENIUS MUSCLES

85
Q

Largest muscle of the back

A

erector spinae

86
Q

Flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head and Assist in deep inhalation

A

scalenes

Anatomy and Physiology Lecture (7 decks)

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