Nervous System Overview

Question 1

what are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

communication, regulating internal events, organising behaviour (external), information storage (memory), sensations, perceptions, emotions

Question 2

what are the cells of the nervous system

Answer 2

neurons (nerve cells), glia (glial cells)

Question 3

what are the functions of glia

Answer 3

supportive, nutritive role, myelin formation

Question 4

which glial cells form the myelin sheath and in which system?

Answer 4

schwann cells (PNS), oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Question 5

name the glial cells

Answer 5

oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, astrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

Question 6

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 6

involved in nutrient supply to neurons in CNS

Question 7

what do microglia do?

Answer 7

defence role, phagocytic

Question 8

what do ependymal cells do?

Answer 8

involved in production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 9

what do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 9

neuronal support and myelin formation in CNS

Question 10

what do schwann cells do?

Answer 10

neuronal support and myelin formation in PNS

Question 11

what are the functions of neurons

Answer 11

generation and transmission of signals, synaptic processing: memory

Question 12

what makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 12

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Question 13

what makes up the central nervous system?

Answer 13

spinal cord and brain

Question 14

what are the different sections of spinal nerves and how many of each do we have?

Answer 14

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal

Question 15

what are dermatomes ?

Answer 15

the regions of the body surface that the sensory neurons supply

Question 16

what are myotomes?

Answer 16

the blocks of muscles that motor neuron axons supply

Question 17

what are the function of cranial nerves?

Answer 17

provide sensory and motor nerve supply to head and neck structures

Question 18

what does the vagus nerve supple?

Answer 18

the trunk

Question 19

what do peripheral nerves do?

Answer 19

carry information to and from the CNS

Question 20

what do afferent nerves do

Answer 20

carry information to the CNS

Question 21

what are afferent nerves?

Answer 21

sensory nerves

Question 22

what are afferent nerves in somatic nerves associated with?

Answer 22

sensations/perceptions

Question 23

what are efferent nerves?

Answer 23

motor nerves

Question 24

what do efferent nerves do?

Answer 24

carry information away from the CNS and cause actions such as muscle contractions

Question 25

what do somatic efferents control?

Answer 25

voluntary muscle

Question 26

what do visceral efferents do?

Answer 26

constitute the autonomic nervous system

Question 27

what does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 27

smooth and cardiac muscle and some glands

Question 28

are A alpha axons myelinated? what types of neurons is this nerve axon?

Answer 28

myelinated, some sensory neurons and motor neurons

Question 29

are A beta axons myelinated? what type of neuron is this axon

Answer 29

myelinated, sensory neurons

Question 30

are A gamma axons myelinated? what type of neuron is this axon?

Answer 30

myelinted, special form of motor neuron

Question 31

are A delta axons myelinated? what type of neuron is this axon?

Answer 31

myelinated, sensory neurons

Question 32

are C axons myelinated? what type of neuron is this axon?

Answer 32

unmyelinated, sensory neurons and some autonomic nerves