Nervous System / Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Which part of the spinal cord is involved in motor activities? Dorsal or Ventral?
Ventral
Which part of the spinal cord is involved in sensory activity? Dorsal or Ventral?
Dorsal
The basic unit of the nervous system is a nerve cell, also called a ________
Neuron
A neuron has small branches from it called _____, which are respectable for receiving chemical signals from other cells.
Dendrites
This part of a neuron interacts with dendrites of other nerve cells or structures like muscle.
Axon Terminal
The signal released by the axon terminal is _________ (chemical or electrical)
Chemical
The signal transmitted through the axon is ________ (chemical or electrical)
Electrical (through electrolytes like Na, K, Cl)
________ are motor neurons that begin in the motor region of the cerebral cortex / brain stem and carries motor information down to lower motor neurons
Upper Motor Neurons
Damage to upper motor neurons leads to what type of paralysis? (Spastic or Flaccid)
Spastic
______ are motor neurons that begin in the anterior nerve roots or cranial nerves with motor function
Lower Motor Neurons
Damage to lower motor neurons leads to what type of paralysis? (Spastic or Flaccid)
Flaccid
The Nervous System is divided into what?
Peripheral NS and Central NS
The CNS is made up of ______ and ______
The Brain and Spinal Cord
The PNS can be subdivided into the ______ and _______.
Autonomic NS and Somatic NS
Which part of the PNS deals with involuntary control of the body?
Autonomic NS
Which part of the PNS controls voluntary actions?
Somatic Nervous System
The ANS divides into the ______ and ________.
Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS
The function of this cranial nerve is smell.
I. Olfactory Nerve
Is the Olfactory Nerve sensory or motor?
Sensory (smell)
The function of this cranial nerve is sight.
II. Optic Nerve
Is the Optic Nerve function purely sensory, motor, or mixed?
Sensory (sight)
The function of this cranial nerve is eye movement, pupil constriction, and eyelid opening.
III. Oculomotor
Which cranial nerves are involved with the PNS?
III. Oculomotor (pupil constriction) , VII. Facial (salivation and lacrimation), IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (salivation), X. Vagus Nerve (Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Gastrointestinal function)
The function of this cranial nerve is eye movement (downward and medial rotation).
IV. Trochlear Nerve
The function of this cranial nerve is moving the mastication muscles and feeling facial sensations.
V. Trigeminal Nerve
The Trigeminal Nerve is divided into what three divisions?
Ophthalmic (nose to vertex, including eye), Maxillary (upper lip, nostril, to temple), Mandibular (lower lip, jaw, ear)
The function of this cranial nerve is eye movement (lateral rictus muscle — lateral movement).
VI. Abducens Nerve
The function of this cranial nerve is facial movement, taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, lacrimation, salivation, and eyelid closing.
VII. Facial Nerve
The function of this cranial nerve is hearing and balance.
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
The function of this cranial nerve is taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and the sensory aspect of gag reflex.
IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
The function of this nerve is taste to the epiglottis, swallowing, motor aspect of gage reflex, talking, coughing, and supplies signals via motor parasympathetic fibers to internal organs.
X. Vagus Nerve
Which two cranial nerves function swallowing and speech?
IX. Glossopharyngeal and X. Vagus Nerve
The function of this cranial nerve is head turning (sternocleidomastoid) and shrugging (trapezius).
XI. Accessory Nerve
The function of this cranial nerve is tongue movement.
XII. Hypoglossal Nerve
What is the Mnemonic for all 12 cranial nerves?
Oh, Oh Oh, to touch and feel very good vagina… ah.
Which cranial nerve deals with smell?
I. Olfactory
Which cranial nerve deals with vision?
II. Optic
Which three cranial nerves deal with eye movement?
III. Oculomotor, IV. Trochlear, VI. Abducens
Which cranial nerve is involved with general sensation of the face, sinuses, teeth, and moves the jaw muscles?
V. Trigeminal Nerve
Which cranial nerve is involved with both taste and face muscles?
VII. Facial Nerve
Which cranial nerve is involved in hearing and balance?
VIII. Vestibulocochlear (auditory)
Which facial nerve is involved in the throat and larynx muscles as well as taste?
IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Which cranial nerve is functions with the internal organs?
X. Vagus Nerve
Which cranial nerve is involved with tongue movement?
XII. Hypoglossal
Which cranial nerve moves the muscles of the neck and upper back?
XI. Accessory
________ are areas of the skin that are supplied by a single spinal nerve.
Dermatomes
Which dermatome is at the level of the nipples (for men)?
T4
Which dermatome is at the level of the umbilicus?
T10
Which dermatome is at the level of the anterior knee?
L4
Which dermatome is at the posterior aspect of the knee, the popliteal fossa?
S2
Which dermatome is for the thumb area?
C6
Which dermatome is for the middle finger?
C7
Which dermatome is for the pinky?
C8
The medial malleolus is a part of what dermatome?
L4
The dorsal surface of the foot is a part of which dermatome?
L5
The lateral malleolus is a part of which dermatome?
S1
The major neurotransmitter of the PNS is _______
Acetylcholine
The major neurotransmitters of the SNS are _____
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
“Rest and Digest” — PNS or SNS?
Parasympathetic NS
“Fight or Flight” — PNS or SNS?
Sympathetic NS
