Blood and Antibodies

Question 1

How does aplastic anemia affect the body? What causes it?

Answer 1

Damages bone marrow ; toxic chemicals, radiation

Question 2

How does hemolytic anemia affect the body? What causes it?

Answer 2

Red blood cells are destroyed ; toxic chemicals

Question 3

How does iron deficiency anemia affect the body? What causes it?

Answer 3

Hemoglobin deficient ; dietary lack of iron

Question 4

How does pernicious anemia affect the body? What causes it?

Answer 4

Excess of immature cells, lack of intrinsic factor (a protein secreted by stomach so that b12 can be absorbed into the intestines to help make blood) ; caused by b12 deficiency

Question 5

How does sickle cell anemia affect the body? What causes it?

Answer 5

Red blood cells are abnormally shaped ; defective gene

Question 6

How does thalassemia affect the body? What causes it?

Answer 6

Hemoglobin deficient, red blood cells short lived ; defective gene

Question 7

These granulocytes make of 60-70% of our white blood cells and help fight pathogenic microorganisms from bacterial infections, inflammation and stress responses

Answer 7

Neutrophils

Question 8

These granulocytes fight parasites and allergens. They are found in the lining of the respiratory tract and digestive tract. They comprise 2-4% of our white blood cells.

Answer 8

Eosinophils

Question 9

These granulocytes contain histamine ( anti-inflammatory ) and heparin ( anticoagulant )

Answer 9

Basophils

Question 10

These are the smallest T cells that directly attack infected or cancerous cells, viral infections

Answer 10

Lymphocytes

Question 11

These are the largest of the T cells, phagocytosis of large bacterial organisms, chronic viral infections

Answer 11

Monocytes

Question 12

Large, long lived cells that capture foreign cells, digest and present protein fragments (peptides) from the cells ; they present antigen to T cells

Answer 12

Macrophages

Question 13

Where do granulocytes come from?

Answer 13

Originate from bone marrow

Question 14

Agranulocytes originate from where in the body?

Answer 14

Lymph nodes

Question 15

Name the three granulocytes :

Answer 15

Neutrophils, Eosiniphils, and Basophils

Question 16

Name the three agranulocytes :

Answer 16

Lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

Question 17

Formed elements make up how much % of blood?

Answer 17

45%

Question 18

How much % of the blood is plasma?

Answer 18

55%

Question 19

How much % of white blood cells are granulocytes?

Answer 19

~65%

Question 20

How much % of white blood cells are agranulocytes?

Answer 20

~35%

Question 21

What is the immune systems first line of defense?

Answer 21

Skin and mucous membranes

Question 22

What is the immune system’s second line of defense?

Answer 22

Inflammation — isolating, destroying, and removing harmful microorganisms

Question 23

What is the third line of defense of the immune system?

Answer 23

Immune Response

Question 24

This is the primary cell for immune response ; originates in liver, spleen & bone marrow of the fetus

Answer 24

Lymphocytes

Question 25

These cells migrate through the thymus gland to become “turned on” through cell mediated immunity

Answer 25

T-Lymphocytes

Question 26

These cells leave the marrow at an early age and travel to the thymus and mature. Here they are imprinted with critical information for recognizing “self” and “non-self” substances

Answer 26

T-Lymphocytes

Question 27

These lymphocytes mature in bone marrow

Answer 27

B-Lymphocytes

Question 28

These filter lymph and phagocytes (eat foreign particles) from harmful bacteria and microorganisms

Answer 28

Lymph Nodes

Question 29

This antibody is synthesized by immature Beta cells, produced after initial contact w/ antigen; does NOT cross the placenta

Answer 29

IgM

Question 30

This is the largest antibody and is produced by the Spleen ; associated with Lupus and Celiac disease

Answer 30

IgM

Question 31

This antibody is the most abundant and most common and found in all body fluids — makes up 75% of antibodies in the blood

Answer 31

IgG

Question 32

This antibody DOES cross the placenta

Answer 32

IgG

Question 33

Deficiency of this antibody is associated with recurrent bacterial and viral infections

Answer 33

IgG

Question 34

This antibody is present in mucus membranes, saliva, tears, colostrum (mother’s first milk) , protects against microbial infections

Answer 34

IgA

Question 35

This antibody is associated with allergies ; found in the lung, skin, and mucous membranes

Answer 35

IgE

Question 36

This antibody is found in the lining of the belly or chest — unknown what the function is

Answer 36

IgD

Question 37

IgE antibody reaction occurs within 15-30 minutes of exposure, sometimes 10-12 hours after — anaphylaxis is the most severe type of this hypersensitivity type

Answer 37

Type 1

Question 38

Reactions in this hypersensitivity type are allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, and food allergies

Answer 38

Type 1

Question 39

In this Hypersensitivity Reaction type, IgG and IgM mediate cytotoxic reactions activate in the complement cascade

Answer 39

Type 2

Question 40

In this hypersensitivity type, symptoms emerge within a few minutes to several hours after the antibody-antigen binding

Answer 40

Type 2

Question 41

Hemolytic anemia, blood transfusions, and many drug allergies (like penicillin) are type ___ hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer 41

Type 2

Question 42

IgG and IgM are immune complex reactions — the reaction is usually within 3 - 10 hours after the immune complex forms — what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 42

Type 3

Question 43

SLE, glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis, vasculitis and RA are some of the the type ___ reactions

Answer 43

Type 3

Question 44

T-cell lymphocytes are also called delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, which usually take days or weeks to manifest — rashes like poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, bacteria or fungi that the body is unable to completely eliminate are a few type ____ reactions

Answer 44

Type 4

Question 45

These represent less than 1% of white blood cells in the body and are typically present in increased numbers after an allergic reaction.

Answer 45

Basophils

Question 46

These are responsible for responding to infections that parasites cause. They also play a role in the general immune response, as well as the inflammatory response, in the body.

Answer 46

Eosinophils

Question 47

These represent the majority of white blood cells in the body. They act as scavengers, helping surround and destroy bacteria and fungi that may be present in the body.

Answer 47

Neutrophils

Question 48

these cells produce antibodies to help the immune system mount a response to infection.

Answer 48

B cells

Question 49

These white blood cells help recognize and remove infection-causing cells

Answer 49

T cells

Question 50

These cells are responsible for attacking and killing viral cells, as well as cancer cells.

Answer 50

Natural Killer Cells

Question 51

W hite blood cells that make up around 2–8% of the total white blood cell count in the body. These are present when the body fights off chronic infections. They target and destroy cells that cause infections.

Answer 51

Monocytes