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BOARDS > Blood and Antibodies > Flashcards

Blood and Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

How does aplastic anemia affect the body? What causes it?

A

Damages bone marrow ; toxic chemicals, radiation

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2
Q

How does hemolytic anemia affect the body? What causes it?

A

Red blood cells are destroyed ; toxic chemicals

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3
Q

How does iron deficiency anemia affect the body? What causes it?

A

Hemoglobin deficient ; dietary lack of iron

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4
Q

How does pernicious anemia affect the body? What causes it?

A

Excess of immature cells, lack of intrinsic factor (a protein secreted by stomach so that b12 can be absorbed into the intestines to help make blood) ; caused by b12 deficiency

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5
Q

How does sickle cell anemia affect the body? What causes it?

A

Red blood cells are abnormally shaped ; defective gene

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6
Q

How does thalassemia affect the body? What causes it?

A

Hemoglobin deficient, red blood cells short lived ; defective gene

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7
Q

These granulocytes make of 60-70% of our white blood cells and help fight pathogenic microorganisms from bacterial infections, inflammation and stress responses

A

Neutrophils

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8
Q

These granulocytes fight parasites and allergens. They are found in the lining of the respiratory tract and digestive tract. They comprise 2-4% of our white blood cells.

A

Eosinophils

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9
Q

These granulocytes contain histamine ( anti-inflammatory ) and heparin ( anticoagulant )

A

Basophils

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10
Q

These are the smallest T cells that directly attack infected or cancerous cells, viral infections

A

Lymphocytes

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11
Q

These are the largest of the T cells, phagocytosis of large bacterial organisms, chronic viral infections

A

Monocytes

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12
Q

Large, long lived cells that capture foreign cells, digest and present protein fragments (peptides) from the cells ; they present antigen to T cells

A

Macrophages

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13
Q

Where do granulocytes come from?

A

Originate from bone marrow

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14
Q

Agranulocytes originate from where in the body?

A

Lymph nodes

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15
Q

Name the three granulocytes :

A

Neutrophils, Eosiniphils, and Basophils

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16
Q

Name the three agranulocytes :

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

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17
Q

Formed elements make up how much % of blood?

A

45%

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18
Q

How much % of the blood is plasma?

A

55%

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19
Q

How much % of white blood cells are granulocytes?

A

~65%

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20
Q

How much % of white blood cells are agranulocytes?

A

~35%

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21
Q

What is the immune systems first line of defense?

A

Skin and mucous membranes

22
Q

What is the immune system’s second line of defense?

A

Inflammation — isolating, destroying, and removing harmful microorganisms

23
Q

What is the third line of defense of the immune system?

A

Immune Response

24
Q

This is the primary cell for immune response ; originates in liver, spleen & bone marrow of the fetus

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

These cells migrate through the thymus gland to become “turned on” through cell mediated immunity

A

T-Lymphocytes

26
Q

These cells leave the marrow at an early age and travel to the thymus and mature. Here they are imprinted with critical information for recognizing “self” and “non-self” substances

A

T-Lymphocytes

27
Q

These lymphocytes mature in bone marrow

A

B-Lymphocytes

28
Q

These filter lymph and phagocytes (eat foreign particles) from harmful bacteria and microorganisms

A

Lymph Nodes

29
Q

This antibody is synthesized by immature Beta cells, produced after initial contact w/ antigen; does NOT cross the placenta

A

IgM

30
Q

This is the largest antibody and is produced by the Spleen ; associated with Lupus and Celiac disease

A

IgM

31
Q

This antibody is the most abundant and most common and found in all body fluids — makes up 75% of antibodies in the blood

A

IgG

32
Q

This antibody DOES cross the placenta

A

IgG

33
Q

Deficiency of this antibody is associated with recurrent bacterial and viral infections

A

IgG

34
Q

This antibody is present in mucus membranes, saliva, tears, colostrum (mother’s first milk) , protects against microbial infections

A

IgA

35
Q

This antibody is associated with allergies ; found in the lung, skin, and mucous membranes

A

IgE

36
Q

This antibody is found in the lining of the belly or chest — unknown what the function is

A

IgD

37
Q

IgE antibody reaction occurs within 15-30 minutes of exposure, sometimes 10-12 hours after — anaphylaxis is the most severe type of this hypersensitivity type

A

Type 1

38
Q

Reactions in this hypersensitivity type are allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, and food allergies

A

Type 1

39
Q

In this Hypersensitivity Reaction type, IgG and IgM mediate cytotoxic reactions activate in the complement cascade

A

Type 2

40
Q

In this hypersensitivity type, symptoms emerge within a few minutes to several hours after the antibody-antigen binding

A

Type 2

41
Q

Hemolytic anemia, blood transfusions, and many drug allergies (like penicillin) are type ___ hypersensitivity reactions.

A

Type 2

42
Q

IgG and IgM are immune complex reactions — the reaction is usually within 3 - 10 hours after the immune complex forms — what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type 3

43
Q

SLE, glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis, vasculitis and RA are some of the the type ___ reactions

A

Type 3

44
Q

T-cell lymphocytes are also called delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, which usually take days or weeks to manifest — rashes like poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, bacteria or fungi that the body is unable to completely eliminate are a few type ____ reactions

A

Type 4

45
Q

These represent less than 1% of white blood cells in the body and are typically present in increased numbers after an allergic reaction.

A

Basophils

46
Q

These are responsible for responding to infections that parasites cause. They also play a role in the general immune response, as well as the inflammatory response, in the body.

A

Eosinophils

47
Q

These represent the majority of white blood cells in the body. They act as scavengers, helping surround and destroy bacteria and fungi that may be present in the body.

A

Neutrophils

48
Q

these cells produce antibodies to help the immune system mount a response to infection.

A

B cells

49
Q

These white blood cells help recognize and remove infection-causing cells

A

T cells

50
Q

These cells are responsible for attacking and killing viral cells, as well as cancer cells.

A

Natural Killer Cells

51
Q

W hite blood cells that make up around 2–8% of the total white blood cell count in the body. These are present when the body fights off chronic infections. They target and destroy cells that cause infections.

A

Monocytes

BOARDS (12 decks)

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