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Med Term Musculoskeletal System > NERVOUS SYSTEM - MODULE 5 FOR EXAM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM - MODULE 5 FOR EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

TWO MAJOR GENERAL STRUCTURES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

A

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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2
Q

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

A

CRANIAL NERVES, SPINAL NERVES, PLEXUSES, PERIPHERAL NERVES THROUGHOUT BODY

BUT EASIER WAY TO SAY IT: MADE UP OF NERVES THAT BRANCH OFF FROM SPINAL CORD AND EXTEND TO ALL PARTS OF BODY

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3
Q

CRANIAL & SPINAL NERVES

A

SENSORY NERVES CARRY MESSAGES TOWARD THE BRAIN
MOTOR NERVES CARRY MESSAGES FROM THE BRAIN
MIXED NERVES CARRY BOTH SENSORY & MOTOR FIBERS

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4
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:

A

CARRIES IMPULSES FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO ORGANS

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5
Q

SYMPATHETIC NERVES…

A

STIMULATE THE BODY UNDER STRESS

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6
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES

A

BALANCE THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
SLOW HEART RATE
LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE

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7
Q

DIVISIONS OF CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

CENTRAL IS BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

PERIPHERAL IS 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES, 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES,
& AUTONOMIC NERVES
THAT LEAD TO PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES & SYMPATHETIC NERVES

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8
Q

NEURON

A

INDIVIDUAL NERVE CELL
- DENDRITE
- CELL NUCLEUS
- AXON
:MYELIN SHEATH
: NEURILEMMA

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9
Q

TERMINAL END FIBERS

A

SECRETE NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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10
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A

TRANSFER IMPULSE ACROSS SYNAPSE

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11
Q

GANGLIA

A

SMALL CLUSTERS OF NERVE CELL BODIES

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12
Q

PATH OF A NERVOUS IMPULSE (MIGHT BE ON EXAM)

A

STIMULUS
DENDRITES
CELL BODY
CELL NUCLEUS
AXON
MYELIN SHEATH
TERMINAL END FIBERS
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
SYNAPSE

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13
Q

GLIA CELLS

A

MAINTAIN THE HEALTH OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
DO NOT TRANSMIT IMPULSES

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14
Q

NEURONS, NERVES GLIA CONTINUED

FOUR TYPES:

A

ASTROCYTES (ASTROGLIAL CELLS)
MICROGLIA (MICROGLIAL CELLS)
OLIGODENDROGLIA (OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELLS)
EPENDYMAL CELLS

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15
Q

CEREBRUM

A

LARGEST SECTION OF BRAIN
SURFACE NERVE CELLS CALLED CEREBRAL CORTEX
MANAGES SPEECH, VISION, SMELL, MOVEMENT, HEARING, AND THOUGHT

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16
Q

CEREBELLUM

A

COORDINATES VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
MAINTAINS BALANCE

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17
Q

THALAMUS

A

INTEGRATES AND MONITORS IMPULSES FROM SKIN (PAIN)

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18
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

-CONTROLS BODY TEMP, SLEEP, APPETITE, SEXUAL DESIRE, AND EMOTIONS

-REGULATES RELEASE OF HORMONES FROM PITUITARY GLAND

-MONITORS SYMPATHETIC & PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS

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19
Q

BRAINSTEM

A

-PONS
BRIDGES THE CEREBRUM & CEREBELLUM WITH THE REST OF BRAIN
HOUSES NERVES FOR FACE & EYES
MIDBRAIN
-UPPERMOST PORTION OF BRAINSTEM
-CONTAINS PATHWAYS CONNECTING CEREBRUM WITH LOWER PORTIONS OF BRAIN

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20
Q

BRAINSTEM CONTINUED

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA
- CONNECTS SPINAL CORD TO BRAIN
- NERVE TRACTS FROM SIDE TO SIDE
- REGULATES:
*BLOOD VESSELS
*HEART
*RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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21
Q

ACETYLCHOLINE

A

NEUROTRANSMITTER CHEMICAL RELEASED AT ENDS OF NERVE CELLS

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22
Q

AFFERENT NERVE

A

CARRIES MESSAGES TOWARD THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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23
Q

ARACHNOID MEMBRANE

A

MIDDLE LAYER OF THE 3 MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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24
Q

ASTROCYTE

A

GLIAL CELL THAT TRANSPORTS WATER AND SALTS FROM CAPILLARIES

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25
Q

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NERVES THAT CONTROL INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES, GLANDS, & INTERNAL ORGANS

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26
Q

AXON

A

MICROSCOPIC FIBER THAT CARRIES THE NERVOUS IMPULSE ALONG A NERVE CELL

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27
Q

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

A

PROTECTIVE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE BLOOD & BRAIN CELLS THAT KEEPS SUBSTANCES (SUCH AS ANTICANCER DRUGS) FROM PENETRATING CAPILLARY WALLS & ENTERING BRAIN

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28
Q

BRAINSTEM

A

POSTERIOR PORTION OF BRAIN THAT CONNECTS THE CEREBRUM WITH SPINAL CORD: INCLUDES MIDBRAIN, PONS & MEDULLA OBLONGATA

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29
Q

CAUDA EQUINA

A

COLLECTION OF SPINAL NERVES BELOW THE END OF THE SPINAL CORD

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30
Q

CELL BODY

A

PART OF A NERVE CELL THAT CONTAINS THE NUCLEUS

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31
Q

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

A

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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32
Q

CEREBELLUM

A

POSTERIOR PART OF BRAIN THAT COORDINATES MUSCLE MOVEMENTS AND MAINTAINS BALANCE

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33
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

OUTER REGION OF CEREBRUM; CONTAINS SHEETS OF NERVE CELLS; GRAY MATTER

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34
Q

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

A

CIRCULATES THROUGHOUT BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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35
Q

CEREBRUM

A

LARGEST PART OF BRAIN; RESPONSIBLE FOR VOLUNTARY MUSCLE ACTIVITY, VISION, SPEECH, TASTE, HEARING, THOUGHT AND MEMORY

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36
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

A

TWELVE PAIRS; CARRY MESSAGES TO AND FROM THE BRAIN WITH REGARD TO THE HEAD AND NECK (EXCEPT THE VAGUS NERVE)

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37
Q

DENDRITE

A

MICROSCOPIC BRANCHING FIBER OF A NERVE CELL; THE FIRST PART TO RECEIVE THE NERVOUS IMPULSE

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38
Q

DURA MATTER

A

THE THICK, OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE MENINGES SURROUNDING AND PROTECTING THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

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39
Q

EFFERENT NERVE

A

CARRIES MESSAGES AWAY FROM BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD; MOTOR NERVE

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40
Q

EPENDYMAL CELL

A

GLIAL CELL THAT LINES THE MEMBRANES WITHIN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD; HELPS FORM CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

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41
Q

GANGLION OR GANGLIA

A

COLLECTION OF NERVE CELL BODIES IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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42
Q

GLIAL CELL (NEUROGLIA CELL)

A

SUPPORTIVE AND CONNECTIVE NERVE CELL THAT DOES NOT CARRY NERVOUS IMPULSES; CAN REPRODUCE ITSELF

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43
Q

GYRUS OR GYRI

A

SHEET OF NERVE CELLS THAT PRODUCES A ROUNDED RIDGE ON SURFACE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX; CONVOLUTION

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44
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS

A

PORTION OF THE BRAIN BENEATH THE THALAMUS; CONTROLS SLEEP, APPETITE, BODY TEMP, & PITUITARY GLAND SECRETIONS

45
Q

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

A

PART OF THE BRAIN JUST ABOVE SPINAL CORD; CONTROLS BREATHING, HEARTBEAT, AND SIZE OF BLOOD VESSELS

46
Q

MENINGES

A

THREE PROTECTIVE MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

47
Q

MICROGLIAL CELL

A

PHAGOCYTIC GLIAL CELL THAT REMOVES WASTE PRODUCTS FROM CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

48
Q

MIDBRAIN

A

UPPERMOST PORTION OF BRAINSTEM

49
Q

MOTOR NERVE

A

CARRIES MESSAGES AWAY FROM BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD TO MUSCLES AND ORGANS; EFFERENT NERVE

50
Q

MYELIN SHEATH

A

COVERING OF WHITE FATTY TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS AND INSULATES THE AXON OF A NERVE CELL; SPEEDS IMPULSE CONDUCTION

51
Q

NERVE

A

MACROSCOPIC CORD LIKE COLLECTION OF FIBERS (AXONS AND DENDRITES) THAT CARRY ELECTRICAL IMPULSES

52
Q

NEURON

A

NERVE CELL THAT CARRIES IMPULSES THROUGHOUT BODY; PARENCHYMA OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

53
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTER

A

CHEMICAL MESSENGER RELEASED AT END OF NERVE CELL; STIMULATES OR INHIBITS ANOTHER CELL

54
Q

OLIGODENDROGLIAL CELL

A

GLIAL CELL THAT FORMS THE MYELIN SHEATH COVERING AXONS; OLIGODENDROCYTE

55
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVE

A

INVOLUNTARY, AUTONOMIC NERVES TAHT REGULATE NORMAL BODY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS HEART RATE, BREATHING, AND MUSCLES OF GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT

56
Q

PARAENCHYMA

A

ESSENTIAL, DISTINGUISHING TISSUE OF ANY ORGAN OR SYSTEM; FOR THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, NEURONS & NERVES THAT CARRY IMPULSES

57
Q

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NERVES OUTSIDE THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD; CRANIAL, SPINAL, AND AUTONOMIC NERVES

58
Q

PIA MATER

A

THE THIN, DELICATE INNER MEMBRANE OF MENINGES

59
Q

PLEXUS

A

A LARGE, INTERLACING NETWORK OF NERVES

60
Q

PONS

A

THE PART OF BRAIN ANTERIOR TO THE CEREBELLUM AND BETWEEN THE MEDULLA AND REST OF MIDBRAIN

61
Q

RECEPTOR

A

AN ORGAN THAT RECEIVES A NERVOUS STIMULUS AND PASSES IT ON TO AFFERENT NERVES; THE SKIN, EARS, EYES, AND TASTE BUDS ARE RECEPTORS

62
Q

SCIATIC NERVE

A

THE NERVE EXTENDING FROM BASE OF SPINE DOEN THE THIGH LOWER LEG, AND FOOT

63
Q

SENSORY NERVE

A

CARRIES MESSAGES TOWARDS BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD FROM RECEPTOR, AFFERENT NERVE

64
Q

SPINAL NERVES

A

THIRTY ONE PAIRS ARISING FROM SPINAL CORD

65
Q

SPINAL NERVES

A

THIRTY ONE PAIRS ARISING FROM SPINAL CORD

66
Q

STIMULUS

A

AN AGENT OF CHANGE (LIGHT, SOUND, TOUCH, PRESSURE, PAIN) IN INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT THAT EVOKES A RESPONSE

67
Q

STROMA

A

CONNECTIVE AND SUPPORTIVE TISSUE OF AN ORGAN; GLIAL CELLS ARE THE STROMAL TISSUE OF BRAIN

68
Q

SULCUS

A

DEPRESSION OR GROOVE IN SURFACE OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX; FISSURE

69
Q

SYMPATHETIC NERVES

A

AUTONOMIC NERVES THAT INFLUENCE BODILY FUNCTIONS INVOLUNTARILY IN TIMES OF STRESS

70
Q

SYNAPSE

A

THE SPACE THROUGH WHICH A NERVOUS IMPULSE TRAVELS BETWEEN NERVE CELLS OR BETWEEN NERVE AND MUSCLE OR GLANDULAR CELLS

71
Q

THALAMUS

A

MAIN RELAY CENTER OF BRAIN; CONDUCTS IMPULSES BETWEEN SPINAL CORD AND CEREBRUM

72
Q

VAGUS NERVE

A

TENTH CRANIAL NERVE; BRANCHES REACH TO THE LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNGS, AORTA, ESOPHAGUS, AND STOMACH

73
Q

VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN

A

CANALS IN BRAIN THAT CONTAIN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

74
Q

CEREBELL/O

A

CEREBELLUM

75
Q

CEREBR/O

A

CEREBRUM

76
Q

DUR/O

A

DURA MATER

77
Q

ENCEPHAL/O

A

BRAIN

78
Q

GLI/O

A

GLIAL CELLS

79
Q

LEPT/O

A

THIN, SLENDER

80
Q

MENING/O, MENINGI/O

A

MEMBRANES AND MENINGES

81
Q

MY/O

A

MUSCLE

82
Q

MYEL/O

A

SPINAL CORD

83
Q

NEUR/O

A

NERVE

84
Q

PONT/O

A

PONS

85
Q

RADICUL/O

A

NERVE ROOT

86
Q

THALAM/O

A

THALAMUS

87
Q

THEC/O

A

SHEATH, REFERS TO MENINGES

88
Q

VAG/O

A

VAGUS NERVE

89
Q

-ALGES/O, -ALGESIA

A

EXCESSIVE SENSITIVITY TO PAIN

90
Q

-ALGIA

A

PAIN

91
Q

CAUS/O

A

BURNING

92
Q

COMAT/O

A

DEEP SLEEP

93
Q

-ESTHESI/O, -ESTHESIA

A

FEELING, NERVOUS SENSATION

94
Q

-KINES/O, -KINESIA

A

MOVEMENT

95
Q

-LEPSY

A

SEIZURE

96
Q

LEX/O

A

WORD, PHRASE

97
Q

-PARESIS

A

SLIGHT PARALYSIS

98
Q

-PHASIA

A

SPEECH

99
Q

-PLEGIA

A

PARALYSIS

100
Q

-PRAXIA

A

ACTION

101
Q

-STHENIA

A

STRENGTH

102
Q

SYNCOP/O

A

CUT OFF

103
Q

TAX/O

A

ORDER, COORDINATION

104
Q

CONGENITAL DISORDERS

A

HYROCEPHALUS
SPINA BIFIDA
*SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA

105
Q

DEGENERATIVE MOVEMENT, AND SEIZURE DISORDERS

A

ALZHEIMERS
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
EPILEPSY
HUNTINGONT DISEASE
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (MG)
PALSY
PARKINSONS DISEASE
TOURETTE SYNDROME

106
Q

INFECTIOUS DISORDERS

A

HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)
MENINGITIS
HIV

107
Q

TRAUMATIC DISORDERS

A

CEREBRAL CONCUSSION:
TYPE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY CAUSED BY BLOW TO HEAD
USUALLY NO EVIDENCE OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO BRAIN TISSUE
REST IS VERY IMPORTANT TO ALLOW BRAIN TO HEAL

CEREBRAL CONTUSION:
BRUISING OF BRAIN TISSUE AS A RESULT OF A DIRECT TRAUMA TO THE HEAD
MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH A FRACTURE OF SKULL, EDEMA, AND INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
SUBDURAL AND EPIDURAL HEMATOMAS CAN OCCUR LEADING TO PERMANENT BRAIN INJURY

108
Q

VASCULAR DISORDERS

A

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (CVA)
THROMBOTIC - BLOOD CLOT IN ARTERIES LEAVING THE BRAIN
EMBOLIC - DISLODGED BLOOD CLOT TRAVELS TO CEREBRAL ARTERIES
HEMORRHAGIC - BLOOD VESSELS BREAKS AND BLEEDING OCCURS

Med Term Musculoskeletal System (5 decks)

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