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Med Term Musculoskeletal System > MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What is ossification?

A

Replacement of cartilage with bone

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2
Q

Cells:

OSTEOBLAST:

A

PRODUCE IMMATURE BONY TISSUE THAT REPLACES CARTILAGE

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3
Q

CELLS:

OSTEOCYTE:

A

NOURISHES AND MAINTAINS BONE

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4
Q

CELLS:

OSTEOCLAST:

A

REABSORB OR DIGEST BONE (REMODELS BONE)

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5
Q

BONE FORMATION:

____ IS A SOURCE OF CALCIUM

A

THE SKELETON

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6
Q

PROPER FORMATION OF BONE DEPENDS ON WHAT SOURCES:

A

CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND VITAMIN D

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7
Q

CALCIUM LEVEL MAINTAINED IN BLOOD BY:

A

PARATHYROID GLAND, WHICH SECRETES A HORMONE TO RELEASE CALCIUM FROM BONE

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8
Q

BONE STRUCTURE:

DIAPHYSIS:

A

SHAFT

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9
Q

BONE STRUCTURE:

EPIPHYSIS:

A

END

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10
Q

BONE STRUCTURE:

EPIPHYSIS:

A

END

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11
Q

BONE STRUCTURE:

METAPHYSIS:

A

CONE LIKE FLARED PORTION BETWEEN END AND SHAFT

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12
Q

BONE STRUCTURE:

EPIPHYSEAL LINE OR PLATE:

A

GROWTH PLATE WHERE CARTILAGE REPLACED BY BONE FOR BONE GROWTH (IN LENGTH)

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13
Q

BONE STRUCTURE:

EPIPHYSEAL LINE OR PLATE:

A

GROWTH PLATE WHERE CARTILAGE REPLACED BY BONE FOR BONE GROWTH (IN LENGTH)

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14
Q

ENDS OF BONES COVERED BY ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IN THE JOINT_______?

A

CUSHIONS JOINT AND ALLOWS IT TO MOVE SMOOTHLY

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15
Q

COMPACT BONE:

A

CONTAINS HAVERSIAN SYSTEMS FOR BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, AND YELLOW BONE MARROW (MOSTLY FAT)

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16
Q

CANCELLOUS:

A

(SPONGY/TRABECULAR BONE): SPACES CONTAIN RED BONE MARROW WITH ELEMENTS FOR BLOOD FORMATION

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17
Q

YELLOW MARROW:

A

CHIEFLY FAT

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18
Q

RED MARROW:

A

RICH WITH BLOOD VESSELS & IMMATURE AND MATURE BLOOD CELLS IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT; IN LATER LIFE REPLACED WITH YELLOW MARROW; HEMATOPOIESIS IS THE PRODUCTION OF ALL TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW

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19
Q

BONE PROCESSES AND DEPRESSIONS:

PROCESSES:

A

SERVE AS ATTACHMENTS FOR MUSCLES, TENDONS, AND LIGAMENTS.

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20
Q

BONE PROCESSES AND DEPRESSIONS:

DEPRESSIONS:

A

OPENINGS OR HOLLOW REGIONS HELP JOIN BONES OR SERVE AS PASSAGEWAYS FOR NERVES AND/OR VESSELS

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21
Q
A

Femur (thigh bone) label: Humerus (upper arm bone) label:
1: bone head. 1. Bone head
2: condyle. 2. Condyle
3: epicondyle. 3. Epicondyle
4: trochanters. 4 but says 5: tuberosity

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible, connective tissue

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23
Q

Collagen:

A

DENSE, CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROTEIN STRANDS FOUND IN BONE AND OTHER TISSUES

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24
Q

COMPACT BONE:

A

HARD, DENSE BONE TISSUE, USUALLY FOUND AROUND OUTER PORTION OF BONES

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25
Q

CRANIAL BONES:

A

SKULL BONES: ETHMOID, FRONTAL, OCCIPITAL, PARIETAL, SPHENOID, & TEMPORAL

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26
Q

DIAPHYSIS:

A

SHAFT, OR MID-PORTION, OF A LONG BONE

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27
Q

DISK (DISC)

A

FLAT, ROUND, PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURE

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28
Q

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE:

A

CARTILAGINOUS AREA AT THE ENDS OF LONG BONES WHERE LENGTHWISE GROWTH TAKES IN THE IMMATURE SKELETON

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29
Q

EPIPHYSIS:

A

EACH END OF A LONG BONE; AREA BEYOND THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

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30
Q

FACIAL BONES:

A

BONES OF THE FACE: LACRIMAL, MANDIBULAR, MAXILLARY, NASAL, VOMER, & ZYGOMATIC

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31
Q

FONTANELLE:

A

SOFT SPOT (INCOMPLETE BONE FORMATION) BETWEEN THE SKULL BONES OF AN INFANT

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32
Q

FORAMEN MAGNUM:

A

OPENING OF THE OCCIPITAL BONE THROUGH WHICH THE SPINAL CORD PASSES

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33
Q

HAVERSIAN CANALS:

A

MINUTE SPACES FILLED WITH BLOOD VESSELS; FOUND IN COMPACT BONE

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34
Q

LIGAMENT:

A

FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT BINDS BONES TO OTHER BONES

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35
Q

MALLEOLUS:

A

ROUND PROCESS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ANKLE JOINT

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36
Q

MANUBRIUM:

A

UPPER PORTION OF THE STERNUM

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37
Q

MASTOID PROCESS:

A

ROUND PROJECTION ON THE TEMPORAL BONE BEHIND THE EAR

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38
Q

MEDULLARY CAVITY:

A

CENTRAL, HOLLOWED OUT AREA IN THE SHAFT OF A LONG BONE

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39
Q

METAPHYSIS:

A

FLARED PORTION OF A LONG BONE, BETWEEN THE DIAPHYSIS AND THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

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40
Q

OLECRANON:

A

LARGE PROCESS ON THE PROXIMAL END OF THE ULNA

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41
Q

ORTHOPEDIST:

A

MEDICAL DOCTOR WHO SPECIALIZES IN BONE, JOINT, & MUSCLE CONDITIONS

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42
Q

OSSEOUS TISSUE:

A

BONE TISSUE

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43
Q

OSSIFICATION:

A

PROCESS OF BONE FORMATION

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44
Q

OSTEOBLAST:

A

BONE CELL THAT HELPS FORM BONY TISSUE

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45
Q

OSTEOCLAST:

A

BONE CELL THAT ABSORBS AND REMOVES UNWANTED BONY TISSUE

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46
Q

PERIOSTEUM:

A

MEMBRANE SURROUNDING BONES; RICH IN BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVE TISSUE

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47
Q

PHOSPHORUS:

A

MINERAL SUBSTANCE FOUND IN BONES IN COMBINATION WITH CALCIUM

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48
Q

PHYSIATRIST:

A

MEDICAL DOC WHO SPECIALIZES IN REHABILITATION

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49
Q

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS:

A

AREA OF CONFLUENCE OF THE TWO PUBIC BONES IN THE PELVIS

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50
Q

RED BONE MARROW:

A

FOUND IN CANCELLOUS BONE; SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS

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51
Q

RIBS:

A

TWELVE PAIRS OF CURVED BONES THAT FORM THE CHEST WALL; TRUE RIBS ARE THE FIRST 7 PAIRS; FALSE RIBS ARE PAIRS 8-10; FLOATING RIBS ARE PAIRS 11 & 12

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52
Q

SELLA TURCICA:

A

DEPRESSION IN THE SPHENOID BONE WHERE THE PITUITARY GLAND IS LOCATED

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53
Q

SINUS:

A

HOLLOW AIR CAVITY WITHIN A BONE

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54
Q

STYLOID PROCESS:

A

POLE-LIKE PROCESS EXTENDING DOWNWARD FROM THE TEMPORAL BONE ON EACH SIDE OF THE SKULL

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55
Q

SUTURE:

A

IMMOVABLE JOINT BETWEEN BONES

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56
Q

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT:

A

CONNECTION ON EITHER SIDE OF THE HEAD BETWEEN THE TEMPORAL BONE OF SKULL AND MANDIBULAR BONE OF JAW

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57
Q

TENDON:

A

FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT BINDS MUSCLE TO BONES

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58
Q

TRABECULAE:

A

SUPPORTING BUNDLES OF BONY FIBERS IN CANCELLOUS BONE

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59
Q

VERTEBRA:

A

INDIVIDUAL SEGMENT OF THE SPINE COMPOSED OF THE VERTEBRAL BODY, VERTEBRAL ARCH, SPINOUS PROCESS, TRANSVERSE PROCESS, & LAMINA

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60
Q

XIPHOID PROCESS

A

LOWER, NARROW PORTION OF THE STERNUM

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61
Q

YELLOW BONE MARROW:

A

FATTY TISSUE FOUND IN THE MEDULLARY CAVITY OF MOST ADULT LONG BONES

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62
Q

CALC/O, CALCI/O

A

CALCIUM

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63
Q

KYPH/O:

A

POSTERIOR CURVATURE IN THORACIC REGION

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64
Q

LAMIN/O

A

LAMINA

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65
Q

LORD/O

A

CURVE

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66
Q

LUMB/O

A

LOINS, LOWER BACK

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67
Q

MYEL/O

A

BONE MARROW

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68
Q

ORTH/O

A

STRAIGHT

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69
Q

OSTE/O

A

BONE

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70
Q

SCOLI/O

A

CROOKED

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71
Q

SPONDYL/O, VERTEBR/O

A

VERTEBRA

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72
Q

-BLAST

A

EMBRYONIC CELL

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73
Q

-CLAST

A

TO BREAK

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74
Q

-LISTHESIS

A

SLIPPING

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75
Q

-MALACIA

A

SOFTENING

76
Q

-PHYSIS

A

TO GROW

77
Q

-POROSIS

A

PORE, PASSAGE

78
Q

-TOME

A

INSTRUMENT TO CUT

79
Q

ACETABUL/O

A

ACETABULUM (HIP SOCKET)

80
Q

CALCANE/O

A

CALCANEUS (HEAL)

81
Q

CARP/O

A

CARPALS (WRIST BONES)

82
Q

CLAVICUL/O

A

CLAVICLE (COLLAR BONE)

83
Q

COST/O

A

RIBS

84
Q

CRANI/O

A

CRANIUM (SKULL)

85
Q

FEMOR/O

A

FEMUR (THIGH BONES)

86
Q

FIBUL/O

A

FIBULA (SMALLER LOWER LEG BONE)

87
Q

HUMER/O

A

HUMERUS (UPPER ARM BONE)

88
Q

ILI/O

A

ILIUM (UPPER PART OF PELVIC BONE)

89
Q

ISCHI/O

A

ISCHIUM (PART OF PELVIC BONE)

90
Q

MALLEOL/O

A

MALLEOLUS

91
Q

MANDIBUL/O

A

MANDIBLE (LOWER JAW BONE)

92
Q

MAXILL/O

A

MAXILLA (UPPER JAW BONE)

93
Q

METACARP/O

A

METACARPALS (HAND BONES)

94
Q

METATARS/O

A

METATARSALS (FOOT BONES)

95
Q

OLECRAN/O

A

OLECRANON (ELBOW)

96
Q

PATELL/O

A

PATELLA (KNEECAP)

97
Q

PELV/I

A

PELVIS

98
Q

PERONE/O

A

FIBULA

99
Q

PHALANG/O

A

PHALANGES (FINGER, TONE BONES)

100
Q

PUB/O

A

PUBIS

101
Q

RADI/O

A

RADIUS

102
Q

SCAPUL/O

A

SCAPULA (SHOULDER BLADE)

103
Q

STERN/O

A

STERNUM (BREASTBONE)

104
Q

TARS/O

A

TARSALS

105
Q

TIBI/O

A

TIBIA (SHIN BONE)

106
Q

ULN/O

A

ULNA (LOWER ARM BONE)

107
Q

EWING SARCOMA:

A

MALIGNANT BONE TUMOR

108
Q

EXOSTOSIS:

A

BONY GROWTH ON SURFACE OF BONE

109
Q

OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA:

A

MALIGNANT TUMOR ARISING FROM BONE

110
Q

OSTEOMALACIA:

A

SOFTENING OF BONE

111
Q

OSTEOMYELITIS

A

INFLAMMATION SECONDARY TO INFECTION

112
Q

TALIPES

A

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITY OF HIND-FOOT INVOLVING THE TALUS (CLUBFOOT)

113
Q

JOINT (ARTICULATION)

A

COMING TOGETHER OF TWO OR MORE BONES

114
Q

SUTURE JOINTS:

A

IMMOVABLE (SKULL)

115
Q

SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

A

FREELY MOVABLE (BALL & SOCKET TYPES, E.G., HIP OR SHOULDER), (HINGE TYPE, FOR EXAMPLE, ELBOW, KNEE, ANKLE)

116
Q

JOINT CAPSULE ____

A

SURROUNDS BONE

117
Q

LIGAMENTS DO WHAT?

A

BAND BONES TOGETHER

118
Q

BONES ARE COVERED BY?

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

119
Q

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE:

A

LIES UNDER CAPSULE & LINES SYNOVIAL CAVITY; FILLED WITH SYNOVIAL FLUID

120
Q

A MENISCUS IS

A

A CRESCENT SHAPED FIBROCARTILAGINOUS STRUCTURE THAT PARTLY DIVIDES A JOINT CAVITY; ACTS AS A PROTECTIVE CUSHION; PRESENT IN THE KNEE

121
Q

BURSAE

A

CLOSED SACKS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID WITH A SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE LOCATED NEAR, BUT WITHIN A JOINT. NEEDED WHERE SLIDING MUST TAKE PLACE.

122
Q

COMMON SITES OF BURSAE

A

BETWEEN TENDONS (CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONNECTING MUSCLE TO BONE) & BONES
BETWEEN LIGAMENTS (BINDING BONE TO BONE) & BONES
BETWEEN SKIN & BONES (WITH PROMINENT BONY ANATOMY)

123
Q

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

A

SMOOTH, GLISTENING WHITE TISSUE THAT COVERS THE SURFACE OF A JOINT

124
Q

ARTICULATION

A

ANY TYPE OF JOINT

125
Q

BURSA (PLURAL: BURSAE)

A

SAC OF FLUID NEAR A JOINT

126
Q

LIGAMENT

A

FIBROUS CONNECTIVE BANDS BINDING BONES TO OTHER BONES

127
Q

MENISCUS

A

CRESCENT SHAPED FIBROCARTILAGINOUS STRUCTURE FOUND IN KNEE

128
Q

ANKYL/O

A

STIFF

129
Q

ARTHR/O, ARTICUL/O

A

JOINT

130
Q

BURS/O

A

BURSA

131
Q

CHONDR/O

A

CARTILAGE

132
Q

LIGAMENT/O

A

LIGAMENT

133
Q

RHEUMAT/O

A

WATERY FLOW

134
Q

SYNOV/O

A

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

135
Q

TEN/O, TENDIN/O

A

TENDON

136
Q

-DESIS

A

TO BIND, TIE TOGETHER

137
Q

-STENOSIS

A

NARROWING

138
Q

ARTHRITIS

A

INFLAMMATION OF ANY JOINT

139
Q

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

A

CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE STIFFENING OF JOINTS, MOSTLY SPINE

140
Q

GOUTY ARTHRITIS

A

INFLAMMATION DUE TO EXCESSIVE URIC ACID IN BODY

141
Q

OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)

A

LOSS OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE & FORMATION OF BONE SPURS AT ARTICULAR SURFACES; CAN OCCUR IN ANY JOINT, BUT MAINLY IN SPINE, HIPS, & KNEES OF OLDER PEOPLE

142
Q

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

A

AUTOIMMUNE REACTION AGAINST JOINT TISSUES (SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE)

143
Q

BUNION

A

SWELLING OF MEDIAL ASPECT OF JOINT BETWEEN BIG TOE AND FIRST METATARSAL BONE

144
Q

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

A

COMPRESSION OF MEDIAN NERVE AS IT PASSES BETWEEN TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT & BONES & TENDONS OF THE WRIST

145
Q

DISLOCATION

A

DISPLACEMENT OF BONE FROM A JOINT

146
Q

GANGLION

A

A FLUID FILLED CYST ARISING FROM THE JOINT CAPSULE OR TENDON IN WRIST

147
Q

HERNIATION OF AN INTERVERTEBRAL DISK

A

ABNORMAL PROTRUSION OF THE DISK INTO THE NEURAL CANAL OR AGAINST SPINAL NERVES; “SLIPPED DISK”

148
Q

LYME DISEASE

A

RECURRENT ARTHRITIS, MYALGIA, MALAISE, & NEUROLOGIC AND CARDIAC SYMPTOMS; OFTEN MARKED BY A “BULLS EYE” RASH AT THE SITE OF TICK BITE

149
Q

SPRAIN

A

TRAUMA TO A JOINT WITH PAIN, SWELLING & INJURY TO LIGAMENTS WITHOUT RUPTURE

150
Q

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS (SLE)

A

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE INVOLVING JOINTS, SKIN, KIDNEYS, NERVOUS SYSTEM, HEART, AND LUNGS AFFECTING COLLAGEN IN TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, BONES & CARTILAGE ALL OVER THE BODY

151
Q

STRIATED MUSCLE - (HINT: THERE ARE 3 TYPES OF MUSCLES)

A

UNDER VOLUNTARY CONTROL - THEY MOVE ALL THE BONES AS WELL AS FACE & EYES

152
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

CONTROL IS INVOLUNTARY - THEY MOVE INTERNAL ORGANS (DIGESTIVE TRACT, BLOOD VESSELS, DUCTS OF GLANDS)

153
Q

CARDIAC MUSCLE

A

NOT CONSCIOUSLY CONTROLLED & FOUND EXCLUSIVELY IN THE HEART

154
Q

ABDUCTION

A

MOVEMENT AWAY FROM MIDLINE OF BODY

155
Q

ADDUCTION

A

MOVEMENT TOWARD MIDLINE OF BODY

156
Q

DORSIFLEXION

A

UPPER MOVEMENT OF THE FOOT

157
Q

EXTENSION

A

STRAIGHTENING OF A FLEXED LIMB

158
Q

FASCIA

A

FIBROUS MEMBRANE SEPARATING & ENVELOPING MUSCLES

159
Q

FLEXION

A

DOWNWARD MOVEMENT OF THE FOOT

160
Q

INSERTION OF A MUSCLE

A

CONNECTION OF THE MUSCLE TO A BONE THAT MOVES

161
Q

ORIGIN OF A MUSCLE

A

CONNECTION OF MUSCLE TO A STATIONARY BONE

162
Q

PLANTAR FLEXION

A

BENDING THE SOLE OF FOOT DOWNWARD TOWARD THE GROUND

163
Q

PRONATION

A

TURNING THE PALM DOWNWARD

164
Q

ROTATION

A

CIRCULAR MOVEMENT AROUND A CENTRAL POINT

165
Q

SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

MUSCLE CONNECTED TO BONES; VOLUNTARY OR STRIATED MUSCLE

166
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE

A

VISCERAL MUSCLE

167
Q

STRIATED MUSCLE

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE

168
Q

SUPINATION

A

TURNING THE PALM UPWARD

169
Q

VISCERAL MUSCLE

A

MUSCLE CONNECTED TO INTERNAL ORGANS; INVOLUNTARY OR SMOOTH MUSCLE

170
Q

FASCI/O

A

FASCIA

171
Q

FIBR/O

A

FIBROUS

172
Q

LEIOMY/O

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

173
Q

MYOCARDI/O

A

HEART MUSCLE

174
Q

MY/O, MYOS/O

A

MUSCLE

175
Q

PLANT/O

A

SOLE OF FOOT

176
Q

RHABDOMY/O

A

SKELETAL MUSCLE CONNECTED TO BONES

177
Q

SARC/O

A

MUSCLES AND FLESH

178
Q

-ASTHENIA

A

LACK OF STRENGTH

179
Q

-TROPHY

A

DEVELOPMENT, NOURISHMENT

180
Q

AB-

A

AWAY FROM

181
Q

AD-

A

TOWARD

182
Q

DORSI-

A

BACK

183
Q

POLY-

A

MANY, MUCH

184
Q

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

A

GROUP OF INHERITED DISEASES WITH PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE WEAKNESS & DEGENERATION WITHOUT NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT

185
Q

POLYMYOSITIS

A

CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY; MAY BE AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER

186
Q

LAB TESTS:

A

ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY TEST (ANA)
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
RHEUMATOID FACTOR TEST (RF)
SERUM CALCIUM (Ca)
SERUM CREATINE KINASE (CK)
URIC ACID TEST

187
Q

CLINICAL PROCEDURES RELATED TO BONES, JOINTS, AND MUSCLE

A
  1. ARTHROCENTESIS
  2. ARTHROGRAPHY
    3.ARTHROPLASTY
  3. ARTHROSCOPY
  4. BONE DENSITY TEST
  5. BONE SCAN
  6. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
  7. DISCOGRAPHY
  8. ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG)
  9. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
  10. MUSCLE BIOPSY

Med Term Musculoskeletal System (5 decks)

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