NERVOUS SYSTEM LEC

Question 1

the master control and
communication system of the body.

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

2 GENERAL REGIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 2

CNS & PNS

Question 3

which consist of the brain and spinal chord.

Answer 3

Central Nervous System

Question 4

includes all parts of the nervous system outside the CNS.

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

what are the 6 main section of brain?

Answer 5

*cerebrum
*cerebellum
*diencephalon
*midbrain
*pons
*medulla oblongata

Question 6

3 main regions of the brain

Answer 6

forebrain
midbrain
hinbrain

Question 7

the largest section and divided into two major hemisphere: right and left

Answer 7

cerebrum

Question 8

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 8

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe

Question 9

located below cerebrum and above in the 1st cervical neck.
* Processes information from cerebral motor cortex, proprioceptors, and visual and equilibrium
pathways

Answer 9

cerebellum

Question 10

cerebellum is responsible for?

Answer 10

muscle coordination
balance
posture
muscle tone

Question 11

is found between the cerebrum and midbrain.

Answer 11

diencephalon

Question 12

what are the two structures of Diencephalon?

Answer 12

thalamus and hyperthalamus

Question 13

what is thalamus?

Answer 13

directs sensory impulse to the cerebrum

Question 14

what is hyperthalamus?

Answer 14

controls and regulate temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, blood vessel constriction and delation.

Question 15

it is located below cerebrum.

Answer 15

midbrain

Question 16

midbrain is responsible for?

Answer 16

eye and auditory reflexes.

Question 17

it is located below midbrain and brainstem
* Relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum
* Cooperates with the medullary centers to control respiratory rate and depth
* Contains nuclei of cranial nerves V–VII; contains projection fibers

Answer 17

pons

Question 18

Pons is responsible for?

Answer 18

certain reflex actions such as: chewing , tasting: saliva production

Question 19

-AKA: the center for respiration
-it is located at the bottom of the brainstem
-connects to the spinal chord

Answer 19

medulla oblongata

Question 20

medulla oblongata is responsible for ?

Answer 20

respiration ,digestion, coughing, swallowing, sneezing, heart and blood vessel function and blood pressure.

Question 21

it is the link between the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body.

Answer 21

spinal chord

Question 22

spinal chord have four regions , what are those?

Answer 22

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and spinal nerve

Question 23

spinal have 2 main regions. what are those?

Answer 23

afferent and efferent

Question 24

what is afferent?

Answer 24

afferent carries information form the body to the brain.

Question 25

what is efferent?

Answer 25

efferent carries information from the brain to the body.

Question 26

pns is subdivided into 2 smaller system. what are those?

Answer 26

somatic and autonomic

Question 27

it is made up of nerves that connect to skin , sensory organs, and skeletal muscle - voluntary nervous system

Answer 27

somatic nervous system

Question 28

regulates events that are automatic such as the activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland -involuntary nervous system

Answer 28

autonomic nervous system

Question 29

autonomic has two parts. what are those?

Answer 29

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 30

-fight or flight - revs up the body to either defend yourself or escape the threat

Answer 30

sympathetic nervous system

Question 31

-rest or digest

Answer 31

Parasympathetic nneervous system

Question 32

supporting cells in the CNS are lumped together -from the greek word "nerve glue" -AKA: glia cells or glia

Answer 32

Neuroglia

Question 33

The most abundant and versatile neuroglia.

Answer 33

Astrocytes.

Question 34

The phagocytes that defend CNS cells. -spiderlike

Answer 34

Microglial cells.

Question 35

-neuroglia that line the central cavities of the brain and the spinal cord -line cerebrospinal fluid–filled cavities.

Answer 35

Ependymal cells.

Question 36

have processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS nerve fibers.

Answer 36

Oligodendrocytes.

Question 37

to form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS.

Answer 37

Schwann cells

Question 38

act as protective, cushioning cells for peripheral neuron cell bodies.

Answer 38

Satellite cells

Question 39

also called nerve cells, are highly spe- cialized to transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part of the body to another.

Answer 39

Neurons

Question 40

is the metabolic center of the neuron. Its transparent nucleus contains a large nucleolus.

Answer 40

cell body

Question 41

Neuron processes that convey incoming messages (electrical signals) toward the cell body are _________.

Answer 41

dendrites.

Question 42

that generate nerve impulses and typically conduct them away from the cell body are_______.

Answer 42

axons.

Question 43

These terminals contain hundreds of tiny vesicles, or membranous sacs, that contain chemicals called ___________.

Answer 43

neurotransmitters.

Question 44

where an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another is called a _________.

Answer 44

synapse.

Question 45

an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 45

myelin sheath

Question 46

Although most of the gray matter is in the cerebral cortex, there are several “islands” of gray matter, called the _______.

Answer 46

basal nuclei

Question 47

is about the size of a thumb in diameter and approximately 3 inches (approximately 7.5 cm) long.

Answer 47

brainstem

Question 48

located are four rounded protrusions called the _____________.

Answer 48

corpora quadrigemina