NERVOUS SYSTEM III

Question 1

• Involuntary reaction to a stimulus applied to the periphery and
  transmitted to the CNS
• Saves us from dangerous stimuli
• Fast, automatic, involuntary
• Occurs without our conscious thinking
• Mostly associated with pain
• Information detected by sensory receptors will be integrated to either spinal cord or lower center of the brain

Answer 1

Reflex

Question 2

What is the spinal cord reflexes?

Answer 2

Polysynaptic Reflex (Withdrawal Reflex) and Monosynaptic reflex (Knee Jerk Reflex)

Question 3

involves two or more synapses of neurons; type of reflex present with interneuron

Answer 3

Polysynaptic Reflex

Question 4

activation of pain receptors, sensory neurons carries the afferent impulses, sensory neuron will synapse

Answer 4

Withdrawal Reflex

Question 5

direct communication of sensory and motor neurons, no interneuron involved

Answer 5

Monosynaptic reflex

Question 6

sensory receptors activation, sensory neurons carries afferent impulses, sensory neurons will synapse to motor neurons

Answer 6

Knee jerk reflex

Question 7

relays information from one neuron to another,

Answer 7

Relay neuron or interneuron

Question 8

• Functional unit of nervous system - Carries out reflexes
• Depicts how the reflex process happens in the body

Answer 8

Reflex arc

Question 9

site of stimulus action; activates when triggered by a stimulus which produces the action potential

Answer 9

Sensory receptor

Question 10

afferent division ; transmit sensory impulses towards CNS

Answer 10

Sensory neuron

Question 11

integration of afferent neuron

Answer 11

Integration center

Question 12

controls muscular activity in the left half of the body

Answer 12

Right cerebral hemisphere

Question 13

controls muscular activity in the right half of the body

Answer 13

Left cerebral hemisphere

Question 14

connection between two hemispheres, plays a crucial role in facilitating communication between the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 14

Commissures

Question 15

Largest commissure:

Answer 15

Corpus callosum

Question 16

crossingof the right and left corticospinal tract, crossing over of nerve fibers or tracts from one side of the body to other often in diagonal or criss cross pattern

Answer 16

Decussation

Question 17

Speech area located in

Answer 17

Left cerebral cortex

Question 18

located in parietallobe,responsiblefor understanding speech

Answer 18

Sensory speech (Wernicke’s) Area

Question 19

located in frontal lobe, responsible for producing speech

Answer 19

Motor Speech (Broca’s) area

Question 20

Recording device which records brain’s electrical activity

Answer 20

Electroencephalogram

Question 21

deep sleep or unconsciousness

Answer 21

Delta wave

Question 22

sleepstates during rapid eye movement phase

Answer 22

Theta wave

Question 23

wakefulness in a relaxed face

Answer 23

Alpha wave

Question 24

heightened mental activity and alertness

Answer 24

Beta wave

Question 25

intense concentration and cognitive processing

Answer 25

Gamma wave

Question 26

- Lasts only a few seconds to minutes - task associated memory - Information introduced in the middle of a task

Answer 26

Working memory

Question 27

- Can be retained for few minutes to few days - More retention - Happens when you’re required to memorize or remember information

Answer 27

Short term memory

Question 28

can be retained permanently

Answer 28

Long term memory

Question 29

consolidate all information from short-term so it can turn to a long-term memory

Answer 29

Consolidation

Question 30

names of people, places, etc.

Answer 30

Declarative

Question 31

motorskills

Answer 31

Procedural

Question 32

- AMYGDALA: central to processing and regulation of emotions - helps identify, interpret, and respond to emotional stimuli and experiences, visceral responses to emotions - motivation, mood, seeking reward and punishments

Answer 32

Limbic system

Question 33

comprises motor neurons that carry action potentials from CNS to periphery of visceral organs

Answer 33

Autonomic nervous system

Question 34

carries impulses processed by CNS

Answer 34

Preganglionic neuron

Question 35

relay center that contains cell body of neurons; where info from CNS are altered, filtered, amplified

Answer 35

Autonomic Ganglion

Question 36

where the preganglionic and postganglionic meets and synapse with each other

Answer 36

Ganglia

Question 37

carries impulse to target organ or tissue

Answer 37

Postganglionic neuron

Question 38

• Ganglia are near preganglionic bodies • Responses to stressful situations • Fight or flight responses • Increases heart rate, respiratory rate, glucose, pupil dilation

Answer 38

Sympathetic Division

Question 39

• Ganglia are near effector organs • Responses to relaxing situations • Rest and digest • Most active during calm and non stressful situations • SLUDD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion)

Answer 39

Parasympathetic division

Question 40

SLUDD

Answer 40

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion