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A&P II. > Nervous System Exam > Flashcards

Nervous System Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron that has no myelin along its axon

A

Gray matter

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2
Q

Chemical messengers of the endocrine system

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Circulates between the layers of the meninges and cavities inside the brain and spinal cord, may play a role in my he regulation of some autonomic functions

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

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4
Q

Second largest part of the brain, compares the movements the body intends to make with the actual positioning muscles and joints

A

Cerebellum

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5
Q

Neurotransmitter that causes an influx of sodium causing the postsynaptic membrane to move closer to the threshold

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

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6
Q

Blood-brain-barrier seperate a the nervous system itself from the __________ in the brain

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

Which part of the nervous system sends impulses to skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic

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8
Q

After sodium goes into the cell, the process when potassium channels open allowing potassium to diffuse out of the cell to return to its negative potential

A

Repolarization

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9
Q

What part of the mammalian brain is the largest and is associated with learning and intelligence?

A

Cerebrum

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10
Q

What division of the autonomic nervous system helps the body cope in emergency situations? (Fight or flight response)

A

Sympathetic system

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11
Q

Chemical messengers of the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters

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12
Q

The passageway between the brain stem and cerebrum. Plays a role in temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and rage/anger responses

A

Diencephalon

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13
Q

The ideal polarized state of a neuron

A

Resting state

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14
Q

The connection between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. Responsible for the maintenance of basic support functions(heart beating and respirations)

A

BRAIN STEM

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15
Q

“Master gland” of endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

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16
Q

Three basic functions of nervous system

A

Sense, integrate, motor functions

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17
Q

What structure separates the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue and serves to prevent many drugs, proteins, ions, and hormones from entering the brain

A

Blood brain barrier

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18
Q

This connective tissue supplies a rich network of blood vessels that supply nutrients, oxygen and cushioning to the superficial tissues of the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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19
Q

Which part of the nervous system sends impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and the endocrine system?

A

Autonomic

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20
Q

A neurotransmitter that increases the negative charge within the postsynaptic membrane causing cell to move farther away from the threshold

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

21
Q

When an impulse is received causing the sodium channels to open and allow only sodium into the cell (giving the inside of the cell a + potential)

A

Depolarization

22
Q

Basic structural unit of nervous system

A

Neurons

23
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Cell membrane of glial cells tightly wrapped around the axon

24
Q

Efferent nerves

A

“Motor nerves”

Conduct impulses AWAY from CNS

25
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps between adjacent glial cells

26
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Specialized molecule to help maintain cell resting state

27
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Conduct impulses TOWARD CNS

28
Q

Reflexes

A

Rapid, automatic responses to stimuli to protect body

29
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

Normal response to shining light in animals eye for iris in both eyes to constrict

30
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

Results in contraction of flexing of muscles

31
Q

Palpebral reflex

A

Light tap on media canthus of eye produces a blink of eyelids

32
Q

Stretch reflex

A

Muscle contraction in response to a muscle stretching

33
Q

Axon

A

Conduct nerve impulses AWAY from the body

34
Q

Myelin

A

White matter

35
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive stimuli

36
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Excitatory or inhibitory depending on location in the body

37
Q

GABA

A

Brain inhibitor

38
Q

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

A

Catecholamines; adrenal medulla

Fight or flight

39
Q

Acetycholinesterase

A

Broken down components of acetylcholine

40
Q

Central nervous system

A

CNS; brain and spinal cord

41
Q

Autonomic

A

Automatic

42
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

PNS: cordlike nerves to connect central nervous system to rest of body

43
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

Stimuli strong enough to cause complete depolarization and to generate a nerve impulse

44
Q

Somatic

A

Conscious or voluntary

45
Q

All or nothing principle

A

Strong stimuli that results in complete depolarization

46
Q

Post synaptic neuron

A

Contains receptors for the neurotransmitter

47
Q

Refractory period

A

Brief time period when a neuron is insensitive to additional stimuli

48
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between two neurons or a neuron and target cell

49
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

Brings depolarization wave to synapse and releases neurotransmitter

A&P II. (5 decks)

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