Nervous System: Efferents

Question 1

Three types of neurons

Answer 1

1. Afferent -????
2. Efferent - lead from brain/spinal cord to effector
3. Interneuron (association) - contained w/in the CNS

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

1. Brain
2. Spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

1. Efferent
2. Afferent

Question 4

Efferent

Answer 4

1. Autonomic
2. Somatic

Question 5

Afferent

Answer 5

1. Visceral
2. Sensory

Question 6

Autonomic

Answer 6

1. Parasympathetic
2. Sympathetic

Question 7

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 7

• cell bodies lie w/in the CNS
• direct connection to skeletal muscle
• Ach released at neuromuscular junction onto nicotinic receptor
• always excitatory (allow more Na+ in than K+ out = depolarization)

Question 8

Autonomic NS

Answer 8

• innervates all tissue except skeletal muscle
• two neurons b/t CNS & effector
  —1st neuron’s soma w/in CNS
  —NT at synapse always Ach onto nicotinic receptors
• either excitatory or inhibitory (effect

Question 9

Sympathetic

Answer 9

Ganglia lie close to CNS
- Utilize NorEpi at postganglionic synapse
- Adrenergic receptor at postganglionic synapse

Question 10

Parasympathetic

Answer 10

Ganglia close to innervated tissue
- Utilize Ach at postganglionic synapse
- Muscarinic receptors at postganglionic synapse

Question 11

Tissue: Bronchial

Answer 11

Sympathetic:
*Beta 2
- Increases strength
Parasympathetic:
*M
- Contract

Question 11

Dual innervation

Answer 11

Many tissues affected by both sympathetic & parasympathetic NS

Question 12

Tissue: Heart

Answer 12

Sympathetic:
*Beta 1
- Increases rate
- Increases strength
Parasympathetic:
*M
- Decreases rate

Question 13

Initially treated asthma patients w/ Epi…

Answer 13

But targeted ALL adrenergic receptors
- need a target response towards Beta 2 (Beta 2 agonist)

Question 14

Synapses in the Autonomic Neurons

Answer 14

• Many autonomic neurons lack traditional bouton endings at a synapse
• Instead, swellings called VARICOSITIES influence effectors cells
• AP initiates neurotransmitter released into ECF
• NT impact a larger area (not limited to cleft region)
• Effector response is slower acting but for longer duration

Question 15

Fascicle

Answer 15

Bundle of neurons
- wrapped with CT

Question 16

Perinerium

Answer 16

Binds fascicle

Question 17

Epineurium

Answer 17

Surrounds nerve
- blood vessels present to provide nutrients

Question 18

Everything (afferent) goes into spinal cord _______

Answer 18

Dorsally aka posterior

Question 19

Everything (efferent) comes out of spinal cord ______

Answer 19

Ventrally aka anterior

Question 20

Ganglion

Answer 20

Collection of cell bodies

Question 21

Gray matter

Answer 21

unmyelinated

Question 22

White matter

Answer 22

Myelinated

Question 23

43 pairs of nerves

Answer 23

• 12 cranial (brain)
• 31 peripheral (comes out spine)
  — cranial nerve #1 comes out above bone #1 and so on…
  — thoracic nerves comes out below

Question 24

Homeostasis is?

Answer 24

Dynamic balance between the autonomic branches
- with very precise control

Question 25

Rest-and-digest

Answer 25

Parasympathetic activity dominates

Question 26

Fight-or-flight

Answer 26

Sympathetic activity dominates

Question 27

Adrenal cortex is a?

Answer 27

true endocrine gland

Question 28

Adrenal medulla is a?

Answer 28

modified sympathetic ganglion
- Epi comes from here

Question 29

The adrenal gland also acts as part of the?

Answer 29

?????missing

Question 30

Betas use?

Answer 30

cAMP

Question 31

Parasympathetic NS originates from?

Answer 31

Craniosacral region

Question 32

Sympathetic NS originates from?

Answer 32

Thoracolumbar region