Nervous System: Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
CVA
Brain attack
Cerebrovascular disease
A group of disorders affecting the vessels that supply blood to the brain
Seizure disorders
Sudden changes in behavior or consciousness caused by uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain
MS
Multiple sclerosis
Autoimmune disease that targets the myelin sheath on the nerves of the central nervous system
affective disorder
psychological disorder in which the major characteristic is an abnormal mood, usually mania or depression
anorexia nervosa
refusal to maintain adequate weight for age and height
anxiety
psychological “worry” disorder
ADHD
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Affects children and adults
Impulses, over activity, and inability to concentrate
bipolar disorder
manic-depressive illness
unusual shifts in mood, emotion, energy, and the ability to function
mania
mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behavior, and excessively elevated mood
neurosis
non psychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior
panic attack
sudden and intense feeling of fear that comes without warning
psychosis
major emotional disorder in which contact with reality is lose to the point that the individual is incapable of meeting the challenges of daily life
agnosia
inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactor, or other sensations, even though the sensory sphere is intact
anencephaly
congenital deformity in which some or all of the fetal brain is missing
closed head trauma
injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and brain tissue is not exposed
coma
abnormally deep unconsciousness with an absence of voluntary response to stimuli
dyslexia
inability to learn and process written language, despite adequate intelligence, sensory ability and exposure
herpes zoster
-shingles
acute inflammatory eruption of highly painful vesicles on the trunk of the body or, occasionally, the face that is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox
huntington chorea
-neurodegenerative genetic disorder
CNS disorder characterized by quick, involuntary movements, speech disturbances, and mental deterioration
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing increased intracranial pressure (ICP), thinning of brain tissue, and separation of cranial bones
lethargy
abnormal inactivity or lck of response to normal stimuli
MG
myasthenia gravis
chronic, progressive disorder in which a loss of neurotransmitter receptors produces increasingly severe muscle weakness
spina bifida
-neural tube defect
congenital deformity of the neural tube (embryonic structure that becomes the fetal brain and spinal cord), which fails to close during fetal development
meningocele
form of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine
occulta
form of spina bifida in which one or more vertebrae are malformed, and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin
palsy
paralysis, usually partial, and commonly characterized by weakness and shaking or uncontrolled tremor
bell palsy
-facial nerve palsy
facial paralysis caused by a functional disorder of the seventh cranial nerve
CP
cerebral palsy
type of paralysis that affects movement and muscle coordination and may affect gross and fine motor skills
paralysis
loss of voluntary motion in one or more muscle groups with or without loss of sensation
paresthesia
sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
Reye syndrome
- affects children and teenagers recovering
from a viral infection
- fatty degenerative liver failure
potentially fatal syndrome that commonly causes brain swelling and liver damage and is characterized by confusion, hyperventilation, violent behavior, seizures, and possibly coma
