Nervous System Development & Functions Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does zygote consist of?

A

Sperm + egg

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2
Q

Blastula consist of

A

Endoderm & Ectoderm

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3
Q

3 cell layers

A
  1. Ectoderm (outer)
  2. Mesoderm (middle)
  3. Endoderm + nervous tissue
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4
Q

Prenatal Nervous system develops on the (Dorsal/ventral) side of the ball from which ____ cell layer

A

dorsal, ectoderm

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5
Q

When does the neural plate come?

A

day 16

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6
Q

What can the neural plate split to?

A

1) neural tube becomes the CNS (day 25)
2) Neutral crest cells become the PNS

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7
Q

What is Anencephaly

A

Failure of anterior tube to close

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8
Q

What is spina bifida or pilonidal cyst

A

Failure of the posterior tube to close

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9
Q

Proliferation

A

Make new neurons; 100,000 per minute; week 6-17

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10
Q

Migrate

A

Move to proper layer; week 8-15

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11
Q

Aggregate (organize)

A

Those with like function group together

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12
Q

Differentiate

A

Specialize structurally and functionally

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13
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

Forming functional connections; increases rapidly after birth

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14
Q

Myelination

A

Sheath formed on neurons in fetal period-third trimester

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15
Q

Pruning

A

Decrease in number of connection and number of neurons; you keep what you use

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16
Q

Plasticity

A

Adaptability, change, rewriting or reorganization, response to experience

17
Q

Rosenzweig & Krech

A

Increase in size of rat cortex with enriched environment

18
Q

The adolescent brain

A

Increase in dopamine neurotransmitter due to hormonal influence; myelination & maturation not fully developed.
Reward-oriented, lack of impulse & plan

19
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Central Nervous System; Body’s control and info center

20
Q

Brain

A

Encased in dura mater, floating in CSF, surrounded by cranial and spinal bones

21
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor Cortex: Voluntary control to motor control
Broca’s area: Speech
Prefrontal cortex: Strat function, risk-taking rule-breaking, working memory delay response, smell, motor inhibition
MOTOR STRIP HERE

22
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Tactile sensory: Touch, joint position, muscle tension, & pain
Body Image
Math
Spatial Ability
SENSORY STRIP HERE

23
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing
Wernicke’s Area: Speech comprehension
Hippocampus: Memory
Amygdala: Fear
Categorize and organize

24
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision
Info goes to parietal and temporal for help

25
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Neuronal cell bodies (soma)

26
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

27
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Emotions and memory

28
Q

What composes the limbic system?

A

Hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus

29
Q

Limbic system - Hypothalamus

A

Regulates through hormones and neutral connections
Behavioral expresión of emotion -> Triggers body due to subjective
Fight or Flight
Feeding, Sex, Body temp.

30
Q

Limbic system - Amygdala

A

Fear
Recognition of what to avoid
Fear + Aggression
“Emotional memory”

31
Q

Limbic system - Hippocampus

A

Conscious

32
Q

Cerebellum

A

Unconscious memory
Input from vestibular system for balance - output to body for posture, complex movement
Input from body for position
Coordination of eye movements

33
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory Relay Center

34
Q

RAS

A

Reticular Activating System: Arousal, wakefulness, and sleep

35
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

(Vegetative functions) HR, BP, respiration

36
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

fight or flight

37
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest and digest