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Human Dev > Motor Development - Exam 2 > Flashcards

Motor Development - Exam 2 Flashcards

The baby's motor development

1
Q

Maturation

A

Directed by genetics, hormones

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2
Q

Learning

A

Changing through experience, environment

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3
Q

An infant is….

A
  1. Motivated by goals
  2. Constrained by current body limitations
  3. Actively putting together movement skills
  4. Using perceptions to fine-tune movements
  5. Continually improving these skills through perception & action
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4
Q

Jolly Jumper Video

A

A baby is put on a bouncy seat for the first time and they didn’t like it, but after 10 days, the baby was bouncing. The baby understands that something they are doing is producing a jump as a result.
This experiment is used to see how babies develop the use of their arms and legs

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5
Q

Things outcomes from Jolly Jumper Video

A
  • Reaching + walking isn’t programmed
  • Walking is being worked on as babies grow, but it doesn’t randomly appear
  • Stepping is inborn, but legs have to figure out how to stand and balance
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6
Q

Celphalocaudal

A

Head -> tail

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7
Q

Examples of Celphalocaudal

A
  • Sits up before controlling legs to walk
  • Lifts head (2-3 mo.) before controlling trunk to turn (3-4 mo)
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8
Q

Proximodistal

A

Center (trunk) -> extremities (toes)

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9
Q

Examples of Proximodistal

A

Moves arms and legs before pincher grasp

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10
Q

Orthogenetic

A

General (global) -> Specific

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11
Q

Examples of orthogenetic

A

Moves whole body, extends only one arm, grasps bottle w/ hand

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12
Q

Functions of the spinal cord

A

1) Conduit of cable (between brain and body)
2) Allows reflex connections between sensory input and motor output

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13
Q

What does SAME stand for

A

S- Sensory
A- Afferent (incoming)
M- Motor
E- Efferent (outgoing)

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14
Q

Every reflex has two parts. What are those two parts

A

The STIMULUS that triggers it and the MOTOR RESPONSE

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15
Q

Survive have a _____ value

A

Adaptive

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16
Q

Examples of survival

A

Permanent : Breathing, eye blinking, pupillary
Early : Rooting, Sucking

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17
Q

Why is it called early?
Why is it called permanent?

A

Early is only seen in early ages
Permanent is seen through the lifespan

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18
Q

Primitative has ______ adaptive value. ______ remnants

A

no clear, evolutionary

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19
Q

What is moro

A

Startle

20
Q

Example of moro

A

drop baby (stim.), baby’s arms go out then back in (reflex)

21
Q

Babinski

A

Stroke baby’s foot outward (stim.), baby’s toes go apart (reflex)

22
Q

Grasping

A

Put finger in baby’s palm (stim.), baby grasp it (reflex

23
Q

Goals of infant motor development

A
  • Gross motor skills
  • Fine motor skills
24
Q

What are gross motor skills

A

Include large-muscle activities

25
Q

Examples of gross motor skills

A

Development of posture, locomotion, and crawling

26
Q

What are fine motor skills?

A

Precise movements

27
Q

Examples of fine motor skills

A

Reaching and grasping

28
Q

Lifts head 90 degrees while lying on stomach

A

2-3 months

29
Q

Rolls over

A

3-4 months

30
Q

Sits without support, stands holding on, crawling

A

6-8 months

31
Q

Babies reliably show a pincer grasp

A

6 months -1 year

32
Q

Walks holding on

A

9-12 months

33
Q

Walks well

A

12-14 months

34
Q

Scribble with crayon

A

16 months

35
Q

Walks up steps

A

17-22 months

36
Q

Kicks ball foward

A

20-24 months

37
Q

Goals of early childhood motor development

A

Improved walking, running, jumping, climbing, learning organized sports, skills, pick up small objects.
Age 5 : Move arms, hand, and fingers all together

38
Q

Goals of adolescent motor development

A

Skills continue to improve. Writing and drawing skills emerge, improve, steadier at age 7. By 10-12, can do quality crafts, master difficult piece of musical instrument

39
Q

Goals of adult motor development

A

Peak performance of most sports before 30. Biological functions decline with age. Speed may decline in middle and late adulthood, but most compensation strategies. Older adults can still learn new motor tasks

40
Q

At birth, the brain weights __% of adult brain

A

25

41
Q

At 2 years old, the brain weights __% of adult brain

A

75

42
Q

At age 5%, the brain weights __% of adult brain

A

90

43
Q

Average length/weight at birth

A

20in/7-7.5lb

44
Q

Average height/weight at age 2

A

50/20-30lb

45
Q

Growth rate in first year

A

1oz/1” month

46
Q

Growth rate 2 years to puberty

A

2-3” and 5-6 per year

Human Dev (3 decks)

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