Nervous system and brain anatomy

Question 1

What are lower motor neurones?

Answer 1

Neurones with cell bodies in the spinal cord or brainstem whose axons directly innervate skeletal muscle

Question 2

what are upper motor neurones?

Answer 2

Neurones that transmit information from the brain to the lower motor neurones and interneurones in the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 3

Label the parts of the brain

Answer 3

Question 4

What are gyri?

Answer 4

• Fissues and sulci on the surface of the brain

Question 5

What are fissues and what are sulci?

Answer 5

• Fissues are deep crevices
• Sulci are smaller crevices

Question 6

Describe the cerebral white matter

Answer 6

• Contains:
  
  • Association fibres - go to different areas in same hemisphere
  • commisural fibres - go from one side of the brain to the other
  • projection fibres - go down the spinal cord

Question 7

What is the name of the only area where fibres can pass from one side of the brain to the other?

Answer 7

• Corpus collosum

Question 8

What is the central gray matter and what is it important for?

Answer 8

The basal ganglia (groups of cell bodies deep within the brain)

It is important in planning, control and co-ordination of complex movement

Question 9

Label the parts of one cerebral hemisphere

Answer 9

Question 10

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 10

• Control of behaviour
• Movement planning and execution
• speech
• personality/emotion
• memory

Question 11

Where are the motor areas and where are they?

Answer 11

• Premotor area
• Primary motor area

Located in the frontal lobe

Question 12

What is the premotor area responsible for?

Answer 12

• Initiation and planning of movement

Question 13

What is the primary motor area and where is it located?

Answer 13

• area of the brain that initiates and controls voluntary movement
• It contains the motor homunclulus which is a map of the body

Located in the frontal lobe

Question 14

What is broca’s area and where is it located?

Answer 14

• Area of the brain responsible for the translaton of thought into speech
• Sends impulses to the motor cortex to initiate the muscles involved in speech

Located in the left hemisphere for most people and is in the frontal lobe

Question 15

What are the main functions of the parietal lobe?

Answer 15

• Interpretation of somatic sensation

Question 16

What is somatic sensation?

Answer 16

• Origin, shape, pressure, texture
• Body awareness
• spatial awareness

Question 17

What are the two main things that the temporal lobe is responsible for?

Answer 17

• Interpretation of speech
• Memory

Question 18

What is wernickes area and where is it in the brain?

Answer 18

area of the brain responsible for determining what a sound is. It also interprates the meaning of speech

Located in the temporal lobe

Question 19

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 19

• interpretation of visual input

Question 20

What 4 things are located in the brainstem?

Answer 20

• Sensory pathways
• Motor pathways
• Imnportant control centres (respiratory, cardiac etc)
• Nucleii of cranial nerves

Question 21

What is the thalamus responsible for and where is it located?

Answer 21

• It is the principal relay station for sensory input (sensation goes to thalamus before periatal lobe)
• Interpretes some sensation

Located in the diencephalon which is an area above the midbrain

Question 22

What is the hypothalamus responsible for and where is it located?

Answer 22

• Responsible for the regulation of homeostasis

Located in the diencephalon which is anarwa above the midbrain

Question 23

What is the libic system important for?

Answer 23

• Controlling emotion

Question 24

Where is the cerebellum and what is it useful for?

Answer 24

Responsible for smooth co-ordinated movement