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2nd semester > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the parts of the CNS?

A

brain
spinal cord
CN I,II

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2
Q

parts of PNS?

A 
peripheral nerves (e.g radial,sciatic nerves)
ganglia (sensory, autonomic)
other CN, III-XII
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3
Q

what are the 3 germ layers?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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4
Q

what is the thin part of ectoderm?

A

skin (surface) ectoderm

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5
Q

what is the thick part of ectoderm above the notochord?

A

neural ectoderm

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6
Q

what is the neural groove?

A

when a part of the neural ectoderm inveginates to the mesenchyme.

a groove is found between 2 folds.

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7
Q

what is the neural tube?

A

when 2 folds will meet and enclose the neural groove, a neural tube will form and migrate to the mesenchyme.

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8
Q

what are the cell is the neural fold?

A

neural crest- from neural fold cells.

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9
Q

what is the thickening on the anterior part of the surface ectoderm, in front of the neural tube?

A

placod ectoderm

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10
Q

what will form the brain and what will form the spinal cord?

A

cranial part of neural tube will form the brain,
caudal part of neural tube will form the spinal cord.

(neural tube will form the CNS)

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11
Q

what are the 3 primary brain vesicles, found at the cranial end of the neural tube?

A
  1. forebrain (prosencephalon)
  2. midbrain (mesencephalon)
  3. hindbrain (rombencephalon)
  • the caudal continuation of these 3 is the spinal cord
  • this is until the 5th week, after which these primary brain vesicles transform to secondary vesicles.
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12
Q

what are the derivatives of the prosencephalon?

secondary brain vesicles

A
  1. telencephalon (end brain) with 2 hemispheres
    - -> 2 hemispheres r+l
    - -> telencephalon impar (unpaired), found between them.
  2. diencephalon
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13
Q

what are the derivatives of the mesencephalon?

secondary brain vesicles

A

there are no derivatives, it remains mesencephalon/midbrain

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14
Q

what are the derivatives of the rombencephalon?

secondary brain vesicles

A
  1. metencephalon
    - -> pons [ant]
    - -> cerebellum [post]
  2. myencephalon
    - ->medulla oblongatab(it is between pons and spinal cord)

*caudally is the spinal cord

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15
Q

what is the wall of primary and secondary vesicles?

A

neural ectoderm, will form Glial cells and neurons.

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16
Q

what is the cavity of the hemispheres?

A

lateral ventricles.

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17
Q

what is the opening between telencephalon impar and the cavity of the hemispheres?

A

interventricular foramen (of Monroe)

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18
Q

what is the common cavity between the telencephalon impar and diencephalon?

A

the 3rd ventricle

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19
Q

what is the common cavity of the rombencephalon, of the the pons, medulla and cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle (behind pons and medulla, in front of the cerebellum)

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20
Q

what is the connection between 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A 
cerebral aquaduct (sylvian cannal)
it is due to proliferation of cells in the mesencephalon which makes the space narrower, tube like.
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21
Q

what are the 2 main sulcus we need to identify?

A

central sulcus

lateral sulcus

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22
Q

what are the parts of the inferior frontal gyrus?

A

pars orbitalis
pars triangularis
pars opercularis

*these are bordered by the ascending and horizontal parts.

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23
Q

what is between the superior frontal sulcus and inferior frontal sulcus?

A

the middle frontal gyrus

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24
Q

what is the gyrus above the corpus callosum?

A

cingulate gyrus, with cingulate sulcus above.

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25
Q

what is the continuation of the cingulate sulcus?

A

marginal sulcus

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26
Q

what is the border between the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

parieto-occipital fissure

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27
Q

what is the most important fissure of the occipital lobe?

A

calcarine sulcus.

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28
Q

what is found between the calcarine sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

triangular - shaped cuneus.

in front of the cuneus- precuneus [quadrangular shaped, btw marginal sulcus and parieto-occipital sulci]

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29
Q

what is in front of the precuneus?

A

para-central lobule

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30
Q

which 2 lobules are between the intra-parietal sulcus?

A

superior parietal lobule + inferior parietal lobule

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31
Q

which 2 parts belong to the inferior parietal lobule?

A

supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus

(two C shaped)

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32
Q

how can you find easily the 2 gyri of the inferior parietal lobule?

A

at the end of the lateral sulcus - the supramarginal gyrus can be found.

at the end of the superior temporal sulcus - the angular gyrus can be found.

[Wernicke’s area]

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33
Q

what is the continuation of the lingual gyrus?

A

para hippocampal gyrus

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34
Q

the fusion of the 2 vertebral arteries gives which artery?

A

the Basilar a.

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35
Q

where can we find the 3rd cranial nerve?

A

between:

posterior cerebral a. AND superior cerebellar a.

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36
Q

what are the branches of the vertebral a.?

A

it gives:

  1. posterior inferior cerebellar a.
  2. anterior spinal a.
  3. posterior spinal a.
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37
Q

what are the emissarian veins?

A

connection between intracranial veins + diploe,

and intracranial veins + extracranial veins.

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38
Q

which 2 veins are in the roof of the 3rd ventricle?

A
  1. internal cerebral vein
    - -> vein of septum pellucidum
    - ->thalamo-striate vein
    - -> superior choroidal vein
  2. great cerebral vein (of Gallen)
    - ->drains to straight sinus
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39
Q

what is the cavity of the hemisphere?

A

the lateral ventricle

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40
Q

what are the parts of the lateral ventricle?

A
  1. anterior horn [f]
  2. central part\body [p]
  3. posterior horn [o]
  4. inferior horn [t]
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41
Q

what are the walls of the anterior horn?

A

ant: genu of corpus callosum
floor: rostrum of corpus callosum
roof: junction of body+genu of C.C
medial: septum pellucidum
lateral: head of caudate nucleus

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42
Q

what are the walls of the central part?

A

ant: NO anterior wall {because anterior horn}
floor: seemingly thalamus, but lamina affixa
roof: body of corpus callosum
medial: septum pellucidum, part of fornix, choroid tella of central part
lateral wall: body of caudate nucleus.

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43
Q

walls of posterior horn?

A

ant: NO anterior wall
roof: radiation of splenium of C.C + optic radiation
floor: collateral trigone
postero-medial: calcar avis, from calcarine sulcus
lateral: tapetum [radiation of fibers of c.c]

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44
Q

walls of inferior horn?

A

roof: white matter of temporal lobe [tale of caudate nucleus, stria terminalis,optic tract, lateral geniculate body]

floor: collateral eminene +hippocampus
medial: choroid tella
lateral: tapetum
anterior: amygdaloid body

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45
Q

what is the outer layer of the brain and what does it contain?

A

grey matter\cortex, contains cell bodies of neurons + glial cells + basal ganglia

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46
Q

what is the inner layer of the brain and what does it contain?

A

white matter \ medulla, longest parts of neurons, vessles, cell nuclei.

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47
Q

what is the boundary between parietal lobe and occipital lobe?

A

line between the upper part of parieto-occipital fissure and pre-occipital notch

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48
Q

what are the 2 layer of the dura matter in the brain?

A

outer, periosteal layer [gives periosteum to cranium]

inner, meningeal layer

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49
Q

what are the meningeal arteries?

A
  1. anterior meningeal a.
    - > from ICA
  2. middle meningeal a.
    - > from maxillary a. -> from ECA
  3. posterior meningeal a.
    - >from ascending pharyngeal ->ECA
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50
Q

what are the septa?

A

duplications of the dura matter:

  1. falx cerebri
  2. falx cerebelli
  3. tentorium cerebelli
  4. diaphragma sellae [opening for stalk of hypophysis]
  5. trigeminal cavity [meckel’s]
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51
Q

what kind of space is the epidural space in the brain?

A

not a true space, potential epidural bleeding. [lens shaped]

between the periosteal layer and the sutures of skull

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52
Q

what kind of space is the subdural space in the brain?

A

not a true space. potential venous hemorrhage.

[bridging veins]

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53
Q

what is a cistern?

A

dilated portion of subarachnoid space,

a cavity where CSF flows

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54
Q

what are the functions of the CSF?

A

shock absorber
removes waste products of neurons and glial cells
makes brain & spinal cord lighter.

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55
Q

what is the dura matter spinalis?

A

its the dura mater of spinal cord, consists of
outer layer = endorachis
inner layer = dural sac

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56
Q

the epidural space in the spinal cord is..

A

a true space !

filled with fatty C.T + internal vertebral venous plexus.

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57
Q

the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord is..

A

a true space!

contains the CSF.

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58
Q

the 4th ventricle is considered as a cavity of..?

A

the hindbrain

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59
Q

what is the connection between the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

A

cerebral aquaduct - filled with CSF

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60
Q

in the brain stem, what are the 2 structures that each part has? and which part has an extra structure?

A

the midbrain, pons, and medulla each have a BASE + TEGMENTUM.

the midbrain also has a Tectum.

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61
Q

what is the cerebral peduncule?

A

it is in the midbrain, consists of the base + tegmentum.

2 cerebral peduncules form interpeduncular fossa.

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62
Q

where does the production of CSF takes place?

A

in the roof of 3rd ventricle
in the central part of lateral ventricle
at the inferior horn of lateral ventricle
in the 4th ventricle

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63
Q

what is the choroid glomus?

A

enlargement of choroid plexus.

choroid plexus of central part+inferior horn meet, and protrudes to posterior horn.

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64
Q

what is the choroid tella?

A

lamina choroidea epithelialis + vascular pia matter

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65
Q

what are the 3 gyri of the frontal lobe?

A

superior frontal gyrus
middle frontal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus

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66
Q

what are the 3 gyri of the temporal lobe?

A

superior temporal gyrus
middle temporal gyrus
inferior temporal gyrus

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67
Q

what are the 3 parts comprising the inferior frontal gyrus?

A

pars orbitalis
pars triangularis
pars opercularis

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68
Q

what are the 2 parts of the inferior temporal lobule?

A
  1. supramarginal gyrus [cont. with lateral sulcus]

2. angular gyrus [cont. with sup. temporal sulcus]

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69
Q

what is the name of the cistern which is connection between median pontine cistern, and cistern of optic chiasm?

A

interpeduncular cistern

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70
Q

arteries of the willi’s circle?

A

anterior + posterior cerebral a.
posterior communicating a.
anterior communicating a.
internal carotid a.

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71
Q

main gyri of inferior parietal lobule?

A

angular gyrus

supramarginal gyrus

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72
Q

what is the gyri below the calcarine sulcus?

A

lingual gyrus

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73
Q

between which 2 layers is the epidural space of the vertebral column?

A

endorachis + dural sac

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74
Q

what are the veins forming the internal cerebral vein?

A
  1. vein of septum pellucidum
  2. thalamo-striate vein
  3. superior choroidal vein
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75
Q

what is the border between para-hippocampal gyrus and medial occipito-temporal gyrus?

A

collateral sulcus

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76
Q

how many cervical cranial nerves do we have?

A

8

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77
Q

what are the denticulate ligaments?

A

pia matter, pierces the arachnoid and attached to dural sac, anchors the spinal cord in the vertebral canal

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78
Q

contents of the epidural space in vertebral canal?

A

fatty connective tissue

internal vertebral venous plexus

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79
Q

superior orbital fissure is the skull exit of which cranial nerves?

A
  1. occulomotor
  2. trochlear
  3. ophtalmic of trigeminal
  4. abduscent
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80
Q

where is the dural exit of the olfactory nerve?

A

cribriform plate

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81
Q

what is the name of the fissure between the 2 hemispheres?

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

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82
Q

what is the name of the dural septum in the transverse cerebral fissure?

A

tentorium cerebelli.

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83
Q

what is the connection between the inferior sagittal sinus and confluence sinus?

A

straight sinus.

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84
Q

what is the lateral wall of 3rd ventricle?

A

thalamus+hypothalamus

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85
Q

floor of 3rd ventricle?

A

hypothalamus+ mamilary bodies, infundibulum, optic chiasm

86
Q

roof of 3rd ventricle?

A

choroid tella and plexus of 3rd ventricle.

87
Q

where can we find the lamina rostralis?

A

between rostrum of corpus callosum and ant. comissure.

88
Q

what comprises the anterior wall of the 3rd ventricle?

A

columns of fornix
lamina rostralis
anterior comissure
lamina terminalis

89
Q

posterior wall of 3rd ventricle?

A 
anterior opening of cerebral aquaduct
posterior comissure
pineal recess
habenular comissure 
(suprapineal recess?)
90
Q

floor of 4th ventricle?`

A

rhomboid fossa

91
Q

what is the lateral opening of 4th ventricle?

A

foramen Luschka / lateral aperture

92
Q

what is the opening in the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

inferior opening of cerebral aquaduct

93
Q

what is the boundary between pontine part and medulary part of the rhomboid fossa?

A

medullary striae

94
Q

where is the medial eminence?

A

in the pontine part of the rhomboid fossa [which forms the floor of the 4th ventricle], between the median sulcus and limiting sulcus.

95
Q

where is the facial collicle

A

in the lower part of the medial eminence, below it is the abduscent nucleus + internal genu of facial nerve.

96
Q

where is the locus caeroleus and what is its function?

A

it is located lateral to the limiting sulcus in the rhomboid fossa, producing the epinephrin.

97
Q

which 2 trigons are there in the medullary part of the rhomboid fossa?

A
  1. hypoglossal trigone

2. vagal trigone [ala sinerea]

98
Q

where is the vomiting center and what is its name?

A

area postrema, located inferiorly to the 2 rigones.

its an area with no BBB.

99
Q

what is there in the ponto-medullary junction?

A

vestibular area+ abducent nerve

100
Q

what is thr roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

choroid tella, covers medullary part of the rhomboid fossa.

101
Q

what is the flower basked of BOCHDALEK?

A

it is choroid plexus protrudes outwards from the foramen Luschka. (to lateral pontine cistern)

102
Q

what is the name of the convulations on the cerebellum, instead of gyri?

A

Folia \ Folium

103
Q

what is the part of the cerebellum which is firmly attached to the superior medullary velum?

A

lingula of cerebellum.

104
Q

what comprises the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A 
superior medullary velum
fastigium
inferior medullary velum
nodule of vermis
choroid tella+plexus of 4th ventricle
105
Q

what forms the lateral wall of 4th ventricle?

A

cerebellar peduncules. [sup. mid. inf.]

106
Q

where is the red nuclei located?

A

in the tegmentum at the level of superior collicle of the midbrain.

107
Q

what is located in the ventral part of the tegmentum?

A

substancia negra [dopamine]

108
Q

what are the parts of the corpus callosum?

A

rostrum > genu > body > splenium

109
Q

what is the fissure between the 2 hemispheres which is located above and also below the c.c ?

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

110
Q

which 2 arteries are on the lower part of longitudinal cerebral fissure?

A

anterior cerebral arteries, which give pericallosal aa.

111
Q

putamen and caudate nucleus together are called..

112
Q

what is the lentiform nucleus?

A

Putamen + Globus pallidus

113
Q

what are the 3 types of fiber in the white matter of the hemispheres?

A
  1. comissural fibers [mainly on c.c]
  2. association fibers [connection bw 2 points on a hemisphere.
  3. projection fibers [ ascending\descending tracts]
114
Q

what are the main fibers in the externaland extreme capsule?

A

association fibers.

115
Q

what is the name of the gyrus at the lower part of the longitudinal cerebral fissure?

A

straight gyrus

116
Q

whats the sulcus laterally to the straight gyrus?

A

olfactory sulcus [with tract, bulb..]

117
Q

what does the anterior cerebral artery supplies?

A

medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes,

and small part of the convexity of the brain

118
Q

posterior cerebral a. supplies?

A

occipital lobe

119
Q

what are the vessles on the surface of the insula?

A

middle cerebral a. [descending + ascending branches]

120
Q

where does the middle deep cerebral vein drains to?

A

basal [Rosenthal] vein –> to Galen vein.

121
Q

what is the structure at the upper part of lateral wall of 3rd ventricle?

122
Q

superior anastamotic vein [TROLARD] goes to?

A

it is a connection between superficial middle cerebral vein to superior sagittal sinus

123
Q

Inferior anastamotic vein [Labbe] goes to?

A

between superficial middle cerebral vein to transverse sinus

124
Q

what is the anterior wall of the inferior horn?

A

amigdaloyid body or hippocampus

125
Q

which comissure can we find above the cerebral aquaduct?

A

posterior comissure.

126
Q

what is the cistern lateral to the midbrain?

A 
ambient cistern, with:
 posterior cerebral a.
superior cerebellar a.
CSF
Basal vein
127
Q

ambient cistern connects which 2 structures?

A

cistern of great cerebral vein and interpeduncular cistern.

128
Q

which cistern can be found between the splenium of C.C and the midbrain?

A

cistern of great cerebral vein [quadrigeminal cistern]

129
Q

contents of ambient cistern?

A 
trochlear n.
CSF
basal vein
superior cerebellar a.
posterior cerebral a.
130
Q

what is the name of the gyrus medially to collateral sulcus?

A

para-hippocampal gyrus.

131
Q

what is the name of the gyrus lateral to the colateral sulcus?

A

medial occipito-temporal gyrus.

132
Q

what is the roof of the inferior horn?

A

tale of caudate nucleus
stria terminalis
lateral geniculate body
[latero-medially]

133
Q

what is the cranial nerve in the ambient cistern?

A

trichlear n.

134
Q

what is the floor of the posterior horn?

A

collateral trigone , from collateral sulcus

135
Q

what is the posteromedial wall of posterior horn?

A

calcar avis- formed by the calcarine sulcus.

136
Q

which cistern is above the tectum of the midbrain? [below splenium of c.c]

A

cistern of great cerebral vein.

137
Q

what are the gyri of the cerebellum?

138
Q

in the white matter of the cerebellum, which is the most prominent nucleus?

A

dentate nucleus.

139
Q

what other nucleus does the cerebellum have?

A

dentate
emboliform
globus
fastigial [nearest the midline]

140
Q

what is the unpaired part of the cerebellum?

141
Q

which cranial nerves are located on the meningeal layer of the dura at the cavernous sinus [lateral wall]?

A

III - occulomotor
IV - trochlear
V/1 - opthalmic
V/2- maxillary

*also ICA, C.N VI through the central part of the sinus.

142
Q

what is the dural septa above the hypophyseal fossa?

A

diaphragma sellae

143
Q

what is the structure piercing the diaphragma sellae?

A

hypophyseal stalk

144
Q

what are the main parts of the cerebellum?

A
  1. archicerebellum / vestibulocerebellum
  2. paleocerebellum / spinocerebellum
  3. neocerebellum / cerebrocerebellum [cortico]
145
Q

main parts of the archicerebellum / vestibulocerebellum

A
  • -> flocculo-nodular lobule (nodule + floccus)
  • ->lingula of vermis [worm shape structure]
  • -> fastigial nucleus
146
Q

main parts of the paleo-cerebellum?

A
  • -> main part of vermis
  • ->ant. lobe of cerebellar hemisphere
  • -> medial parts of hemispheres
  • ->cerebellar tonsils
  • ->Globus nucleus
  • ->Emboliform nucleus
147
Q

main parts of neo-cerebellum?

*also cerebro-cerebellum / cortico-cerebellum

A
  • ->posterior lobes of hemispheres

- ->Dentate nucleus

148
Q

which fissure is important on the cerebellum?

A

Primary fissure.
its on the posterior surface of the hemispheres -
between the anterior lobe and posterior lobe.

149
Q

the cerebellum is connected to the brain stem by?

A

3 cerebellar peduncles.

150
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle connects.. and what is the other name?

A

the cerebellum with mid-brain [brachium conjuctivum]

151
Q

middle cerebellar peduncule connects..

A

brachium pontis, connects between pons and cerebellum.

152
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle connects.. and what is the other name?

A

Restiform body

153
Q

what is the Teniae?

A

these are free margins of different structures used for the attachment of choroid tella.

154
Q

what is the lining of the ventricles in general made of glial cells?

155
Q

what is the teniae talami?

A

free margin of stria medullaris thalami,

between 2 thalami we have lamina choroidea epi.

156
Q

what is the teniae of the 3rd ventricle?

A

teniae thalami

157
Q

what is the free edge of the lamina affixa?

A

teniae choroidea.

158
Q

which 2 teniae connects the lamina choroidea epithelialis on the central part?

A

teniae fornicis + taniae choroidea

159
Q

which teniae can be found in the inferior horn of lateral ventricle?

A

teniae terminalis [of stria terminalis]
teniae fimbriae [at the fimbria of fornix]

*the lamina choroidea epithelialis will be anchord to these 2 teniae

160
Q

where does the flower basket of Bochdalek opens to?

A

Lateral pontine cistern, through the foramen Luschka

161
Q

what is the name of the structure which is the roof of the 4th ventricle?

A

superior medullary vellum.

162
Q

which 2 cranial nerves can be found in the lateral pontine cistern?

A

CN - VII [facial] + intermediate
CN - VIII [vestibulocochlear]
CN - V

163
Q

what is the stria medial to the caudate nucleus?

A

stria terminalis.

164
Q

which vein passes in the stria terminalis?

A

thalamo-striate vein

165
Q

whats the medial border of the lamina affixa?

A

teniae choroidea

166
Q

what is the stria along the superomedial margin of the thalamus?

A

stria medullaris thalami

167
Q

whats the margin of the stria medullaris thalami?

A

tenia thalami

168
Q

whats the teania of the 3rd ventricle?

A

tenia thalami

169
Q

whats the lateral tenia of the central part of lat. ventricle?

A

teniae choroidea

170
Q

whats the medial tenia of the central part of lat. ventricle?

A

tenia fornicis

171
Q

whats the inferior tenia of the inferior horn?

A

tenia fimbriae

172
Q

whats the superior tenia of the inferior horn?

A

tenia terminalis.

173
Q

between which 2 tenia is the choroid tella of the inferior horn?

A

tenia fimbriae + tenia terminalis.

174
Q

what is the tenia of the 4th ventricle?

A

teniae of the 4th ventricle. [above the obex]

175
Q

which cerebellar nuclei are located nearest the midline?

A

fastigial nucleus

176
Q

what is the lateral wall of the 4th ventricle?

A

cerebellar peduncule

177
Q

what is the nucleus located lateral to the sulcus limitans?

A

locus ceroleus [blue spot]

–> mainly norepinephrin

178
Q

where can i find the vestibular area?

A

partly in the pons, partly in the medulla, at the rhomboid fossa.

179
Q

how many nuclei are there below the vestibular are?

A

4 vestibular nuclei

2 cochlear nuclei

180
Q

what is the lowermost part of the 4th ventricle?

A

obex, which leaves through central canal

181
Q

which 2 tubercles are there below the obex, formed from nuclei?

A

gracile tubercle

cuneate tubercle

182
Q

striatum + globus pallidus = ?

A

striated body.

183
Q

caudate nucleus + putamen = ?

184
Q

putamen + globus palidus = ?

A

lantiform nucleus.

185
Q

which 2 structures morphologically do not belong to basal ganglia, but functionally does?

A
  1. subthalamic nucleus

2. substancia nigra

186
Q

which structure belongs to basal ganglia morphologically but not functionally?

187
Q

which 2 structures belong to the ventral striatum?

A
  1. accumbence nucleus [REWARD center]

2. olfactory tubercle

188
Q

which structure belongs to the dorsal striatum?

A

the striatum [ caudate nucleus + putamen ]

189
Q

which structure belongs to the ventral palidum?

A

Basal nucleus of Meynert. [Ach]

190
Q

which structure belings to the dorsal palidum?

A

globus palidus

191
Q

describe the Papez ring

[neural circuit of limbic system]

A

Ammons horn –> fornix + post comissural fornix –> mamillary body –> mamillothalamic tract –>ant. thalamic nuclei –>cingulum –>antorhinal cortex–>perforant tract–>dentate gyrus –> Ammon’s horn, by mossi fibers

192
Q

what comprises the hippocampus?

A
  1. Ammon’s horn
  2. dentate gyrus
  3. subicular area [medial part of parahippocampal gyrus]
193
Q

what is the connection between 2 adjacent gyri?

A

short arcuate fibers

194
Q

what is the connection between 2 far gyri?

A

long arcuate fibers

195
Q

what fiber connects the occipital cortex and the frontal cortex?

A

superior longitudonal fasicle.

196
Q

what fiber connects the occipital cortex and the temporal cortex?

A

inferior longitudonal fasicle.

197
Q

what fiber connects between anterior cortex of temporal lobe and anterior cortex of frontal lobe?

A

uncinate fasicle

198
Q

which fasicle is connecting between sensory speech center and motor speech center

A

arcuate fasicle.

199
Q

which other fibers are association pathways?

A

fornix
cingulum

*the fasicles belong to white matter.

200
Q

contents of the nervous part of jugular foramen?

A

CN 9,10,11

201
Q

contents of the venous part of jugular foramen?

A

posterior meningeal a. ? , internal jugular vein

202
Q

blood supply of spinal cord?

A
  1. vertebral / spinal branches of vertebral a.
  2. posterior intercostal a.
  3. lumbar a
  4. segmental branches will reach the intervertebral foramen and will give posterior+anterior radicular branches
  5. cervical
  6. lateral sacral

*posterior radicular a. also called Adamskiewics a. between 9-12 ribs.

203
Q

parts of epithalamus?

A 
pineal gland
medullary thalamic striae
posterior comissure
habenular trigone..
להוסיף!
204
Q

connection between inf. sagittal sinus and confluence sinus?

A

straight sinus

205
Q

contents of foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal a.

meningeal branch of mandibular n.

206
Q

contents of median pontine cistern?

A

Abducent n., CSF, Basilar a.

207
Q

brain exit of 1st CN?

A

olfactory bulb.

208
Q

dural exit of 2nd cranial n.?

A

posterior pole of the eyeball.

209
Q

parts of the willis circle?

A

ant. communicating a.
ant. cerebral a.
post.communicating a.
post. cerebral a.
ICA

210
Q

roof of posterior horn.

A

radiation of splenium of C.C
optic radiation
[forceps major]

211
Q

what are the mesencephalic branches?

A

arteries found on the posterior perforated substance, supply ventral part of the midbrain
[from posterior cerebral a.]

2nd semester (3 decks)

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