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Med Term > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system - CNS

A

recognizes, interprets and relay impulses

Brain, Spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system - PNS

A 
nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord
Cranial
spinal
plexuses - large network of nerves
peripheral nerves throughout the body
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3
Q

Cranial nerves

A

carry electrical impulses between the brain, head and neck

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4
Q

Spinal nerves

A

carry impulses between the spinal cord, chest, abdomen and extremities

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5
Q

Spinal cord

A

the column of nerves from the medulla oblongata to the second vertebra

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6
Q

Sympathetic

A

stimulate the body under stress

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7
Q

Parasympathetic

A

balance things out - slows heart rate,lowers blood pressure

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8
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Tenth cranial nerve
Wandering - brain to neck to check to abdomen
(controls parastalsis)

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9
Q

sensory nerves

A

carry messages towards the brain

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10
Q

motor nerves-efferent nerve

A

carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

mixed nerves

A

carry both sensory and motor fibers

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12
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

carries impulses rom the central nervous system to the organs

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13
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest section of brain-houses all 4 lobes
surface nerve cells called cerebral cortex
speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, thought

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14
Q

frontal lobe

A

thought processes, behavior, personality, emotion

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15
Q

parietal lobe

A

body sensations, visual and spatial perception

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision (back lower part of brain)

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17
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, understanding, speech, language (side of brain)

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

maintains balance, coordinates voluntary movement

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19
Q

thalamus

A

“triage” part of brain - monitors impulses from skin (pain)

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20
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, emotions
regulates release of hormones
monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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21
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects spinal cord to the brain
nerve tracts from side to side
regulates: blood vessels, heart, respiratory system

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22
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter chemical released at ends of nerve cells

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23
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

blood brain barrier

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cells that keep substances(such as anticancer drugs) from penetrating capillary walls and entering the brain

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25
Q

cell body

A

part of nerve cell that contains the nucleus

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26
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of the cerebrum, contains sheets of nerve cells, gray matter

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27
Q

cerebrospinal fluid -CSF

A

circulates throughout brain and spinal cord

water substance acts like shock absorber

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28
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs, carry msgs to and from brain with regard to head and neck (except the vagus nerve)

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29
Q

efferent nerve-motor nerve

A

carries msgs away from brain and spinal cord

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30
Q

meninges

A

3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

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31
Q

midbrain

A

uppermost portion of the brainstem

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32
Q

myelin sheath

A

covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell, speeds impulse conduction

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33
Q

nerve

A

macroscopic cord like collection of fibers that carry electrical impulses

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34
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell that carries impulses throughout body, parenchyma of the nervous system

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35
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell, stimulates or inhibits another cell

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36
Q

parenchyma

A

distinguishing tissues of any organ or system

for the nervous system-neurons and nerves that carry impulses

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37
Q

pons

A

part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain

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38
Q

receptor

A

organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves, the skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors

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39
Q

sciatic nerve

A

nerve extending from base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot

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40
Q

essential tissue of nervous system -

A

nerves and neurons

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41
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs arising from the spinal cord

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42
Q

stimulus

A

agent of change (light, sound, touch)in internal or external environment that evokes a response

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43
Q

synapse

A

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

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44
Q

ventricles of the brain

A

canals in brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid CSF

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45
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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46
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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47
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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48
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells

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49
Q

lept/o

A

thin or slender

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50
Q

mening/o or meningi/o

A

membranes, meninges

51
Q

my/o

A

muscle

52
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

53
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

54
Q

pont/o

A

pons

55
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

56
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

57
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (refers to meninges)

58
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

59
Q

alges/o or -algesia

A

excessive sensitivity to pain

60
Q

-algia

A

pain

61
Q

caus/o

A

burning

62
Q

comat/o

A

deep sleep

63
Q

esthesi/o or -esthesia

A

feeling, nervous sensation

64
Q

kines/o or -kinesia

A

movement

65
Q

-kinesis, kinetic

A

movement

66
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

67
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

68
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

69
Q

-phasia

A

speech

70
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

71
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing

72
Q

-praxia

A

action

73
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

74
Q

syncop/o

A

cut off

75
Q

tax/o

A

order, coordination

76
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

back bone is not fused together

77
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

large cyst on back …

78
Q

alzheimer disease AD

A

abnormal accumulation of CSF in ventricles of brain, puts pressure on brain causing memory issues

79
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS

A

lose all motor function

80
Q

epilepsy

A

seizures

81
Q

huntington disease (huntington chorea)

A

hereditary disease - effects cerebrum and involuntary movements

82
Q

multiple sclerosis MS

A

myelin sheath is effected (white matter of brain)

lose muscle coordination, no cure

83
Q

myasthenia gravis MG

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder - weakness of muscles

84
Q

parkinson disease

A

degeneration of nerve endings - tremors

shuffling gate, slow movements

85
Q

tourette syndrome

A

uncontrolled movements - usually vocal with twitching

86
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

usually caused from stress - extremely painful, always unilateral, blisters follow nerve root

87
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges (within your brain)

88
Q

HIV

A

attacks immune system-can turn into aids

89
Q

cerebral concussion

A

type of traumatic brain injury caused by blow to head
usually no evidence of structural damage
rest is very important to allow healing

90
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of the brain tissue result of direct trauma

may be associated with skull fracture

91
Q

thrombolytic CVA (stationary)

A

blood clot in arteries leaving the brain

92
Q

embolic CVA (moves)

A

dislodged blood clot travels to cerebral arteries

93
Q

hemorrhagic

A

blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs

94
Q

alges/o

A

sensitivity to pain

95
Q

angi/o

A

vessel,blood

96
Q

caus/o

A

burning

97
Q

cephal/o

A

head

98
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

99
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

100
Q

crani/o

A

skull

101
Q

esthesi/o

A

nervous system

102
Q

gli/o

A

glue

103
Q

narc/o

A

sleep

104
Q

pont/o

A

pons

105
Q

spin/o

A

spine

106
Q

thec/o

A

sheath

107
Q

troph/o

A

nourishment

108
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

109
Q

-blast

A

immature

110
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to or full of

111
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

112
Q

-praxia

A

action

113
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

114
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

115
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

116
Q

Alzheimers

A

progressive dementia, memory failure, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

117
Q

ALS

A

degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem, weakness and muscle atrophy

118
Q

Epilepsy

A

recurrent seizure disorder, tonic clonic and absense types

119
Q

MS

A

destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS

120
Q

Parkinson

A

degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia, tremors bradykinesia, and shuffling gait

121
Q

herpes zoster

A

shingles, viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

122
Q

glioblastoma multiforme

A

brain tumor, malignant astrocytoma

123
Q

CVA

A

stroke, disruption in normal blood supply to the brain

Med Term (8 decks)

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