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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system - CNS

A

recognizes, interprets and relay impulses

Brain, Spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system - PNS

A 
nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord
Cranial
spinal
plexuses - large network of nerves
peripheral nerves throughout the body
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3
Q

Cranial nerves

A

carry electrical impulses between the brain, head and neck

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4
Q

Spinal nerves

A

carry impulses between the spinal cord, chest, abdomen and extremities

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5
Q

Spinal cord

A

the column of nerves from the medulla oblongata to the second vertebra

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6
Q

Sympathetic

A

stimulate the body under stress

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7
Q

Parasympathetic

A

balance things out - slows heart rate,lowers blood pressure

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8
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Tenth cranial nerve
Wandering - brain to neck to check to abdomen
(controls parastalsis)

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9
Q

sensory nerves

A

carry messages towards the brain

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10
Q

motor nerves-efferent nerve

A

carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

mixed nerves

A

carry both sensory and motor fibers

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12
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

carries impulses rom the central nervous system to the organs

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13
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest section of brain-houses all 4 lobes
surface nerve cells called cerebral cortex
speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, thought

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14
Q

frontal lobe

A

thought processes, behavior, personality, emotion

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15
Q

parietal lobe

A

body sensations, visual and spatial perception

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision (back lower part of brain)

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17
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, understanding, speech, language (side of brain)

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18
Q

cerebellum

A

maintains balance, coordinates voluntary movement

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19
Q

thalamus

A

“triage” part of brain - monitors impulses from skin (pain)

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20
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, emotions
regulates release of hormones
monitors sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

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21
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects spinal cord to the brain
nerve tracts from side to side
regulates: blood vessels, heart, respiratory system

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22
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter chemical released at ends of nerve cells

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23
Q

afferent nerve

A

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

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24
Q

blood brain barrier

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cells that keep substances(such as anticancer drugs) from penetrating capillary walls and entering the brain

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25
cell body
part of nerve cell that contains the nucleus
26
cerebral cortex
outer region of the cerebrum, contains sheets of nerve cells, gray matter
27
cerebrospinal fluid -CSF
circulates throughout brain and spinal cord | water substance acts like shock absorber
28
cranial nerves
12 pairs, carry msgs to and from brain with regard to head and neck (except the vagus nerve)
29
efferent nerve-motor nerve
carries msgs away from brain and spinal cord
30
meninges
3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
31
midbrain
uppermost portion of the brainstem
32
myelin sheath
covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell, speeds impulse conduction
33
nerve
macroscopic cord like collection of fibers that carry electrical impulses
34
neuron
nerve cell that carries impulses throughout body, parenchyma of the nervous system
35
neurotransmitter
chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell, stimulates or inhibits another cell
36
parenchyma
distinguishing tissues of any organ or system | for the nervous system-neurons and nerves that carry impulses
37
pons
part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain
38
receptor
organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves, the skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors
39
sciatic nerve
nerve extending from base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot
40
essential tissue of nervous system -
nerves and neurons
41
spinal nerves
31 pairs arising from the spinal cord
42
stimulus
agent of change (light, sound, touch)in internal or external environment that evokes a response
43
synapse
space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells
44
ventricles of the brain
canals in brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid CSF
45
cerebell/o
cerebellum
46
cerebr/o
cerebrum
47
dur/o
dura mater
48
gli/o
glial cells
49
lept/o
thin or slender
50
mening/o or meningi/o
membranes, meninges
51
my/o
muscle
52
myel/o
spinal cord
53
neur/o
nerve
54
pont/o
pons
55
radicul/o
nerve root
56
thalam/o
thalamus
57
thec/o
sheath (refers to meninges)
58
vag/o
vagus nerve
59
alges/o or -algesia
excessive sensitivity to pain
60
-algia
pain
61
caus/o
burning
62
comat/o
deep sleep
63
esthesi/o or -esthesia
feeling, nervous sensation
64
kines/o or -kinesia
movement
65
-kinesis, kinetic
movement
66
-lepsy
seizure
67
lex/o
word, phrase
68
-paresis
slight paralysis
69
-phasia
speech
70
-plegia
paralysis
71
-phagia
swallowing
72
-praxia
action
73
-sthenia
strength
74
syncop/o
cut off
75
tax/o
order, coordination
76
spina bifida occulta
back bone is not fused together
77
spina bifida cystica
large cyst on back ...
78
alzheimer disease AD
abnormal accumulation of CSF in ventricles of brain, puts pressure on brain causing memory issues
79
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS
lose all motor function
80
epilepsy
seizures
81
huntington disease (huntington chorea)
hereditary disease - effects cerebrum and involuntary movements
82
multiple sclerosis MS
myelin sheath is effected (white matter of brain) | lose muscle coordination, no cure
83
myasthenia gravis MG
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder - weakness of muscles
84
parkinson disease
degeneration of nerve endings - tremors | shuffling gate, slow movements
85
tourette syndrome
uncontrolled movements - usually vocal with twitching
86
herpes zoster (shingles)
usually caused from stress - extremely painful, always unilateral, blisters follow nerve root
87
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges (within your brain)
88
HIV
attacks immune system-can turn into aids
89
cerebral concussion
type of traumatic brain injury caused by blow to head usually no evidence of structural damage rest is very important to allow healing
90
cerebral contusion
bruising of the brain tissue result of direct trauma | may be associated with skull fracture
91
thrombolytic CVA (stationary)
blood clot in arteries leaving the brain
92
embolic CVA (moves)
dislodged blood clot travels to cerebral arteries
93
hemorrhagic
blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs
94
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
95
angi/o
vessel,blood
96
caus/o
burning
97
cephal/o
head
98
cerebell/o
cerebellum
99
cerebr/o
cerebrum
100
crani/o
skull
101
esthesi/o
nervous system
102
gli/o
glue
103
narc/o
sleep
104
pont/o
pons
105
spin/o
spine
106
thec/o
sheath
107
troph/o
nourishment
108
vag/o
vagus nerve
109
-blast
immature
110
-ose
pertaining to or full of
111
-ine
pertaining to
112
-praxia
action
113
-paresis
slight paralysis
114
-sthenia
strength
115
-plegia
paralysis
116
Alzheimers
progressive dementia, memory failure, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
117
ALS
degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord and brain stem, weakness and muscle atrophy
118
Epilepsy
recurrent seizure disorder, tonic clonic and absense types
119
MS
destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS
120
Parkinson
degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia, tremors bradykinesia, and shuffling gait
121
herpes zoster
shingles, viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
122
glioblastoma multiforme
brain tumor, malignant astrocytoma
123
CVA
stroke, disruption in normal blood supply to the brain

Med Term (8 decks)

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