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142 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent nerves

A

Conducts neural impulses towards the CNS

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2
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Conduct neural impulses away from the CNS

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3
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary control over the nervous system. Conscious or voluntary nervous system that controls SKELETAL muscles; somatic motor function is the efferent branch, and somatic sensory function is the afferent branch.

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4
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary control over the nervous system. Part of the nervous system that controls SMOOTH and CARDIAC muscle, and endocrine glands automatically wi try out conscious control; has motor and sensory branches

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5
Q

Polarization

A

Having a positive and negative end

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6
Q

Depolarization

A

To lose polarity

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7
Q

Repolarization

A

To restore polarity

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8
Q

Na+ channel

A

Gate that passively allows sodium to travel through the membrane

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9
Q

K+ channel

A

Gate that passively allows potassium to travel through membrane

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10
Q

Sodium – potassium pump

A

Gate that actively moves sodium and potassium through a membrane.

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11
Q

Dendrite

A

Branch extensions that bring neural stimuli to cell body

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12
Q

Axon

A

Long extension that carries neural stimuli away from cell body

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13
Q

Cell body (Soma)

A

Contains nucleus and other organelles

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14
Q

Schwann cell

A

Provides a medium for neural impulses. Wraps around axon, leaving space between each other

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15
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulates axon and facilitates movement of impulses across axon, encases each Schwann cell

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16
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Gaps in Myelin sheath. Keep neural impulses moving

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17
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Most superficial layer of brain

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18
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Mass of white matter that relays info between two hemispheres of brain

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19
Q

Gyrus

A

Raised fold on surface of the brain

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20
Q

Sulcus

A

Shallow grooves separating each gyrus

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21
Q

Fissure

A

Deep grooves separating each gyrus

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22
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates left and right hemisphere

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23
Q

Brainstem

A

Basic life functions: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata. Acts as connection between brain and spinal cord. Heavily involved in autonomic control functions related to heart, respiration, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, and vomiting.

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24
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Little brain“ involved with motor functions. Allows the body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes.

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25
Q

Diencephalon

A

Contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. Serves as a nervous system passageway between the primitive brainstem and the cerebrum

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26
Q

Thalamus

A

Acts as a relay station for regulating sensory impulses to the cerebrum. Grey matter

27
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Has links to brain and pituitary gland. Controls a large aspect of endocrine system. Functions as a bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems.

28
Q

Pituitary gland

A

The “master” endocrine gland. Produces 7 known hormones and stores and releases 2 hormones from the hypothalamus

29
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the “Fight or flight” response.

30
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the “Rest and restore” response.

31
Q

Meninges

A

Membrane surrounding brain and spinal cord cavities contains a continuous channel of CSF: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

32
Q

Cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)

A

Travels from brain to heart and G.I. tract. Can trigger a fainting episode (syncope). Senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs, taste, etc.

33
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter

A

A neurotransmitter that causes a depolarization

34
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

A neurotransmitter that causes hyper polarization

35
Q

Gray matter

A

That part of the CNS made up of neuron cell bodies. Appears a dark brownish gray color. Usually thought of as the “thinking “part of the CNS. Type of tissue that is involved with the MAJOR functions of the nervous system

36
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons in the CNS. Appears white because of all of the myelin. It is the “wiring” that connects the various components of the brain. Type of tissue involved with communication between grey matter

37
Q

Neuroglia (glial cells)

A

Cells that structurally and functionally support and protect the neurons. Not directly involved in the transmission of information or impulses through the nervous system

38
Q

Synapse

A

Spaces between nerve cells

39
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

A stimulus of sufficient intensity to generate a nerve impulse

40
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain in domestic animals, constitutes the area of the brain responsible for functions most commonly associated with high order behaviors, such as learning, reasoning, and intelligence

41
Q

Blood – brain barrier

A

Functional barrier separating the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue itself

42
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

43
Q

Adrenergic neurons

A

Neurons that release norepinephrine

44
Q

Cholinergic neurons

A

Neurons associated with the parasympathetic nervous system that secrete acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter

45
Q

Somatic reflexes

A

Involve contraction of skeletal muscles

46
Q

Autonomic reflexes

A

Regulate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands

47
Q

Motor neuron

A

Neuron carrying impulses from the CNS to a peripheral effector organs such as a muscle or gland

48
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

Happens when you rapidly withdraw a limb or flex the joints after a stimulus occurs (ie touching a hot stove or stepping on a sharp object)

49
Q

Contralateral reflex

A

Reflexes that are initiated on one side of the body and travel to the opposite side to produce their effects

50
Q

Ipsilateral reflex

A

The reflex stimulus and response are on the same side of the body

51
Q

Hyperreflexive

A

Reflex response that is more pronounced than normal

52
Q

Hyporeflexive

A

Reflex response is less than normal

53
Q

Palpebral reflex

A

Reflex closure of the eyelids when the medial campus of the eyelids is touched; Used in anesthesia monitoring two assess depth of anesthesia

54
Q

Pupillary light reflex (PLR)

A

Reflex in which light is shone into one eye, and the pupil constricts in both eyes

55
Q

Proprioception

A

Relating to the awareness of the position of the body. Balance.

56
Q

Nociception

A

Sense of pain

57
Q

Epinephrine (fka adrenaline)

A

Catacholamine that acts in the sympathetic nervous system. Creates fight-or-flight reaction

58
Q

Proprioception

A

Relating to the awareness of the position of the body. Balance.

59
Q

Nociception

A

Sense of pain

60
Q

Epinephrine (fka adrenaline)

A

Catacholamine that acts in the sympathetic nervous system. Creates fight-or-flight reaction

61
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyril acid)

A

Acts on parasympathetic nervous system, creates rest-and-restore reaction

62
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyril acid)

A

Acts on parasympathetic nervous system, creates rest-and-restore reaction

63
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyril acid)

A

Acts on parasympathetic nervous system, creates rest-and-restore reaction

142 (3 decks)

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