Bone Features Flashcards
Condyle
Smooth, round articular surface
Head
Spherical projection, found at the proximal end of a long bone or proximal epiphyses
Process
Anything that sticks out on a bone. Different shapes (condyle, head, etc.)
Facet
Flat articular Surface
Foramen
Short hole in bones for nerves and blood vessels
Fossa
Shallow depression, usually occupied by muscles or tendons
Meatus
Long hole in bones and body parts
Tubercle
Small projection, usually used for processes found on the humerus
Tuberosity
Projection that takes up more area than a tubercle
Trochanter
Specific name for processes found on the femur
Articular surface
Smooth areas of compact bone that come in contact with smooth surfaces of another bone to form a joint. Covered with Hyaline cartilage
Processes
Lumps and bumps on bones. Most are on places where the tendons of muscles attached to the bone
Foramen magnum
The large opening where the spinal cord exits the skull
Occipital condyles
Form a joint with the atlas
Interparietal bones
Two small bones on the dorsal midline between the occipital bone and the parietal bone
Parietal bones
Two bones that form the dorsal lateral portion of the cranium
Temporal bones
Two bones that form the ventral lateral portion of the cranium. Contains The zygomatic process of the temporal bone
External acoustic meatus
Found in the temporal bone, an opening that leads to the middle ear and inner ear cavities
Tympanic bullae
Egg shaped swellings on the ventral surface of the temporal bone, contain the middle ear structures
Frontal bones
Two bones that form the “forehead “part of the skull. Formed the rostrolateral part of the cranium and part of the orbit of the eye
Incisive bones
Two bones that are most rostral skull bones and house the upper incisor teeth or dental pad.
Nasal bones
Two bones that form the “Bridge quote of the nose – the dorsal part of the nasal cavity
Maxillary bones
Two bones that make up most of the upper jaw. Houses the upper canine teeth if present and upper premolar and molar teeth
Lacrimal bones
Two small bones that form part of the orbit of the eye and contain the lacrimal sacs
Zygomatic bones
“Cheekbones “2 bones that form a portion of the orbit of the eye and a portion of the zygomatic arch. Contains the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
Mandible
Lower jaw, usually two bones united rostrally by the mandibular symphysis in dogs, cats, and cattle
Body/Shaft –Mandible
Horizontal part of the mandible that house is all of the lower teeth
Ramus – mandible
The vertical part at the coddle end of the mandible that forms the temporomandibular joint with the temporal bone.
Hyoid bone/apparatus
Attaches to the temporal bones and supports the base of the tongue, pharynx, and larynx.
Coronoid
Upper process of the mandible, extends past zygomatic arch
Condylar process
Center process of mandible
Angular process
Bottom projection of mandible in carnivores
Angle of the mandible/caudal angle
On herbivores, replaces angular process
Mandibular foramen
Foramen that is found caudal and medial on mandible (On inside of mandible)
Mental foramen
Found Rostral and lateral on the mandible (outside towards nose)
Sphenoid bone
Internal bone of cranium, contains pituitary fossa which houses the pituitary gland. Forms ventral part of cranium
Ethmoid bone
Internal bone of the cranium, rostral to sphenoid, contains cribriform plate through which the branches of olfactory nerve pass
