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PSY10007 > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

a complex combination of cells whose primary function is to allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the body and to respond appropriately

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2
Q

a complex combination of cells whose primary function is to allow an organism to gain information about what is going on inside and outside the body and to respond appropriately

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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3
Q

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

A

the psychological specialty focused on the physical and chemical changes that cause, and occur in response to, behaviour and mental processes

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4
Q

the psychological specialty focused on the physical and chemical changes that cause, and occur in response to, behaviour and mental processes

A

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY

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5
Q

NEURONS

A

fundamental units of the nervous system; nerve cells

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6
Q

fundamental units of the nervous system; nerve cells

A

NEURONS

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7
Q

cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help them communicate with one another

A

GLIAL CELLS

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8
Q

GLIAL CELLS

A

cells in the nervous system that hold neurons together and help them communicate with one another

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9
Q

Three main functions of NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

Input; processing; output.

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10
Q

Input; processing; output.

A

Three main functions of NERVOUS SYSTEM

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11
Q

NEURONS’ special features

A
  • An outer membrane
  • A cell body with a nucleus (carry genetic info for cell function)
  • Mitochondria (turn glucose and oxygen into energy)
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12
Q
  • An outer membrane
  • A cell body with a nucleus (carry genetic info for cell function)
  • Mitochondria (turn glucose and oxygen into energy)
A

NEURONS’ special features

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13
Q

NEURONS’ structure

A
  • Fibres extend from neuron’s cell body (axons and dendrites)
  • Axons carry signals away; dendrites receive them
  • One axon per cell; several dendrites
  • Synapses: gaps btw. Neurons
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14
Q
  • Fibres extend from neuron’s cell body (axons and dendrites)
  • Axons carry signals away; dendrites receive them
  • One axon per cell; several dendrites
  • Synapses: gaps btw. Neurons
A

NEURONS’ structure

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15
Q

ACTION POTENTIAL

A

• an abrupt wave of electrochemical changes travelling down an axon when a neuron becomes depolarised
How signals are sent: some chemical ions (atoms) permeate cell membrane
• Polarised atom: more negative charge inside; positive ions sent out
• Axons and dendrites = channels with gates. Can open, causing domino effect
• Btw firings = refractory (rest) period
• When repolarisation re-achieved; firing can resume

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16
Q

•an abrupt wave of electrochemical changes travelling down an axon when a neuron becomes depolarised
How signals are sent: some chemical ions (atoms) permeate cell membrane
• Polarised atom: more negative charge inside; positive ions sent out
• Axons and dendrites = channels with gates. Can open, causing domino effect
• Btw firings = refractory (rest) period
• When repolarisation re-achieved; firing can resume

A

ACTION POTENTIAL

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17
Q

ACTION POTENTIAL speed

A
  • Thick diameter of axon slows it;
  • Presence of myelin increases it.
  • MYELIN: a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potential
  • Myelin gaps = nodes of Ranvier
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18
Q
  • Thick diameter of axon slows it;
  • Presence of myelin increases it.
  • MYELIN: a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potential
  • Myelin gaps = nodes of Ranvier
A

ACTION POTENTIAL speed

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19
Q

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

A
  • Chemicals that assist in the transfer of signals from one neuron to another
  • At the tips of axons
  • Type of signal carried: a chemical message telling the next cell to fire or not to fire its own action potential
20
Q
  • Chemicals that assist in the transfer of signals from one neuron to another
  • At the tips of axons
  • Type of signal carried: a chemical message telling the next cell to fire or not to fire its own action potential
A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

21
Q

MYELIN

A

a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potentials

22
Q

a fatty substance that wraps around some axons and increases the speed of action potentials

A

MYELIN

23
Q

NODES OF RANVIER

A

gaps in the myelin sheath that allow the action potential to be propagated and regenerated

24
Q

gaps in the myelin sheath that allow the action potential to be propagated and regenerated

A

NODES OF RANVIER

25
Q

REFRACTORY PERIOD

A

a short rest period between action potentials

26
Q

a short rest period between action potentials

A

REFRACTORY PERIOD

27
Q

SYNAPSE

A
  • Gap btw. Neurons
  • Provides an area for the transfer of signals between neurons, usually between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of another
28
Q
  • Gap btw. Neurons
  • Provides an area for the transfer of signals between neurons, usually between the axon of one cell and the dendrite of another
A

SYNAPSE

29
Q

NEURAL RECEPTORS (RECEPTORS)

A
  • Proteins (cells) on the cell membrane of the postsynaptic cell
  • detect certain forms of energy and transduce them into nerve cell activity
  • Recognises certain neurotransmitters, thus allowing it to begin a postsynaptic potential in the dendrite
30
Q
  • Proteins (cells) on the cell membrane of the postsynaptic cell
  • detect certain forms of energy and transduce them into nerve cell activity
  • Recognises certain neurotransmitters, thus allowing it to begin a postsynaptic potential in the dendrite
A

NEURAL RECEPTORS (RECEPTORS)

31
Q

POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

A
  • the change in the membrane potential of a neuron that has received stimulation from another neuron
  • i.e. The change can make the cell either more likely or less likely to fire.
  • the postsynaptic potential fades as it goes along the dendrite
  • a single ESPSP will not cause a neuron to fire
32
Q
  • the change in the membrane potential of a neuron that has received stimulation from another neuron
  • i.e. The change can make the cell either more likely or less likely to fire.
  • the postsynaptic potential fades as it goes along the dendrite
  • a single ESPSP will not cause a neuron to fire
A

POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

33
Q

EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

A

a postsynaptic potential that depolarises the neuronal membrane, making the cell more likely to fire an action potential

34
Q

a postsynaptic potential that depolarises the neuronal membrane, making the cell more likely to fire an action potential

A

EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

35
Q

INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

A
  • a postsynaptic potential that hyperpolarises the neuronal membrane, making a cell less likely to fire an action potential
  • if positively charged ions (such as potassium) flow out of the neuron, or if negatively charged ions flow in, the neuron becomes slightly more polarised.
36
Q
  • a postsynaptic potential that hyperpolarises the neuronal membrane, making a cell less likely to fire an action potential
  • if positively charged ions (such as potassium) flow out of the neuron, or if negatively charged ions flow in, the neuron becomes slightly more polarised.
A

INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL

37
Q

NEURAL NETWORKS

A

• neurons that operate together to perform complex functions

38
Q

• neurons that operate together to perform complex functions

A

NEURAL NETWORKS

39
Q

CNS

A
  • Brain and spinal cord; encased in bone

* Body’s central information processor, decision maker and director of actions

40
Q
  • Brain and spinal cord; encased in bone

* Body’s central information processor, decision maker and director of actions

A

CNS

41
Q

PNS

A

• Not housed in bone
• Somatic: Carries messages btw CNS and outside world/muscles
• Autonomic: conveys msgs from CNS to organds/glands; conveys msgs back to CNS
o Sympathetic
o Parasympathetic

42
Q

• Not housed in bone
• Somatic: Carries messages btw CNS and outside world/muscles
• Autonomic: conveys msgs from CNS to organds/glands; conveys msgs back to CNS
o Sympathetic
o Parasympathetic

A

PNS

43
Q

AXON

A
  • Carries signals away from cell body

* Signal carried: action potential

44
Q
  • Carries signals away from cell body

* Signal carried: action potential

A

AXON

45
Q

DENDRITE

A
  • Detects and carries signals to cell body

* Signal carried: postsynaptic potential

46
Q
  • Detects and carries signals to cell body

* Signal carried: postsynaptic potential

A

DENDRITE

PSY10007 (4 decks)

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