Nervous System Flashcards
Functions
1) sensory input
2) motor output
3) integration
Monitoring stimuli occurring inside and outside the body
Sensory input
Interpretation of Sensory Input
Integration
Response to stimuli by activating effector organs
Motor output
ORGANIZATION OF NS
1) CNS
2) PNS
Brain and Spinal cord
Integration and command center
Central Nervous System
CNS
Paired spinal and cranial nerves
Carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain
Peripheral Nervous System
PNS
Provides INVOLUNTARY CONTROL of glands, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
Autonomic System
Mediates the “fight or flight” responses
Sympathetic division
Mediates processes during the resting state
Parasympathetic Division
Involves nerves that convey sensory info to CNS and the motor nerves that transmit impulses to muscles
Somatic system
Neuron classifications
1) sensory
2) motor
3) interneurons
Transmits impulses towards CNS
Sensory (afferent)
Carry impulses away from CNS
Motor (efferent)
Shuttle signals through CNS pathways
Interneurons
Consists of gelatin-like tissues
Brain
Responsible for automatic survival functions
Brainstem
Controls heartbeat and breathing
Medulla
Sensory-motor coordination
Origin of all cerebral functions
Contains cell bodies and dendrites of the brain neurons
Gray matter
Relays impulses between the cortex and the rest of the brain and spinal cord
Dominated by myelinated axons
White Matter
Cerebrum’s 2 colored regions
1) Gray Matter
2) White Matter
2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
1) Left Hemisphere
2) Right Hemisphere
Logic, language, math and analytical abilities
Left Cerebral Hemishpere
Musical ability, creativity, emotions and Spatial perception
Right cerebral hemishpere
Brain’s sensory switchboard, located ontop of he brainstem
Relays messages
Directs all incoming sensory info to the cortex
Also handles outgoing motor impulses
Thalamus
Maintains homeostasis
Regulates many hormones, blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, hunger, thirst and emotions
Hypothalamus
Relays sensory info to the cerebrum
Coordinates eye reflexes
Helps regulate sleep
Midbrain
Regulates balance and muscle coordination
Helps coordinate voluntary movement
Cerebellum
Regulates breathing
Pons
Regulates Heartbeat and digestion
Also coordinate walking& other movements of body
Medulla oblongata
EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN
Reptilian > Paleomammalian > Neomammalian
Limbic System
1) hypothalamus
2) pituitary
3) amygdala
4) hippocampus
Body’s ultimate control and info processing center
Cerebral cortex
LOBES OF CENTRAL HEMISPHERE
1) frontal
2) parietal
3) occipital
4) temporal
Involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans & judgements
MOTOR CORTEX
Frontal lobe
Forehead to Top
Sensory Cortex
Parietal lobe
Top to rear
Include the visual areas, which receive visual info from opposite visual field
VISUAL CORTEX
Occipital lobe
Back
AUDITORY CORTEX
Temporal lobe
Above ears
Responses to fight or flight
Amygdala
