DNA & RNA Flashcards
Function: to hold genetic code
It is a type of nucleic acid
DNA
Genetic instruction to make protein
Genetic code
Meaning of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Cell makes a working photocopy of itself to do the actual work of making proteins
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
T or F RNA IS smaller Single-stranded Not contain thymine but contians uracil Contains ribose
T
Serves as template or “work station” where protein synthesis can occur
Ribosome
DNA STRUCTURE
1) Double Helix
2) Nucleotides
3) Gene
DNA consist of 2 molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure
Double Helix
Molecule of DNA & made up of millions of tiny subunits
Nucleotides
Nucleotides:
1) Phosphate
2) Pentose Sugar
3) Nitrogenous Base
4 types of nitrogenous base
1) adenine
2) guanine
3) thymine
4) cytosine
Section of DNA that codes for a protein
The proteins and combination of proteins give us a unique phenotype
Gene
Place where helicase attaches and opens DNA
Replication fork
T or F
DNA is found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells
T
T or F
DNA is found in nucleoid region in PROKARYOTES
T
Process where DNA copies itself exactly
Occurs within the nucleus
Replication
Mistake in copying
Mutation
What is it called when each new DNA molecule contains of ONE OLD strand and ONE NEW strand
Semi-conservative replication
Holds genetic info that is expressed in a specific order
Central Dogma
Process of Protein synthesis
Replication -> Transcription -> Translation
Changes in genetic material, changes in DNA code, forms a change in gene.
Gene Mutations
Occurs when the base sequence of a codon is changed
Point Mutation
3 types of point mutation
1) substitution
2) deletion
3) insertion
T or F
Insertion and deletion mutations have the most effect on an organism because they affect many amino acids and the whole protein
T
Single nitrogen base is substituted for another in a codon
May or may not affect the protein
Substitution Mutation
A nitrogen base is inserted/added to the sequence
Always affects the protein
Insertion mutation
A nitrogen base is deleted/removed from the sequence
Always affects the protein
Deletion Mutation
Something that causes the DNA code to change or mutate
Mutagen
