Nervous System Flashcards
The most common kind of primary brain tumor in children is:
medulloblastoma
The largest cerebral artery, and the one most commonly affected by stroke is the
middle cerebral artery
Signs of MCA stroke are:
- contraleral motor and sensory deficits, especially of the upper extremity
- Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
- language disturbances
Signs of ACA stroke are:
- contralateral motor and sensory deficits, especially of the lower extremity
- Loss of willpower/executive function
Projection of the optic nerve into the globe of the eye as a result of increased ICP is called:
papilledema
papilledema
Projection of the optic nerve into the globe of the eye as a result of increased ICP is called:
Increased ICP causes Ptosis (droopy eyelid) by:
compression of CNIII
congential causes of hydrocephalus include:
arnold-chiari malformation or myelomeningocele
Neonates tend not to show focal signs of hydrocephalus because:
the sutures have not yet clsoed so the monroe-kelly doctrine does not yet apply.
Meningococcus may enter an intact cranial vault through:
nasopharyngeal cells
The most common cause of meningitis in neonates is:
E Coli
The most common cause of meningitis in young chldren is
H Influenzae
The most common cause of meningitis in adults is
Meningococcus
Classic signs of meningites include:
- head, back, and neck pain
- nuchal rigidity
- photophobia
- Kernig’s sign (resistance to leg extension when lying with hip flexed)
- petechial rash
- irritability
Guillain Barre syndrome is caused by
autoimmune attack of the PNS (esp. Schwann cells)
signs of Guillain Barre syndrome:
- ascending flaccid paralysis
- parasthesia, pain accompanying weakness
- vision, speach, and breathing disturbances
- autonomic dysreflexia
- RAPID onset
- ascending flaccid paralysis
- parasthesia, pain accompanying weakness
- vision, speach, and breathing disturbances
- autonomic dysreflexia
- RAPID onset
signs of Guillain Barre syndrome:
Treatment for Guillain Barre syndrome in which IGG antibodies are removed from blood
plasmapheresis
Epidural hematoma is usually from a ________ and progresses _______ (gradually / rapidly)
artery, rapidly.
usually the middle meningeal artery
subdural hematoma is usually from a ________ and progresses __________
vein, slowly
List 4 reasons bleeding within the brain is dangerous
- Increased ICP
- Ischemia downstream from bleeding
- Blood is irritating to nervous tissue
- Blood causes local vasoconstriction
Describe problems of autonomic dysreflexia
- ascending sympathetic signals are blocked
- a painful stimulus (bladder distension, etc.) causes sympathetic outflow as a reflex.
- This leads to hypertension
- parasympathetic system can not downregulate sympathetic response
- extreme hypertension may result.
MS is caused by
autoimmune demyelination within the CNS
signs of MS are:
- blurred vision
- leg weakness
- difficulty speaking (scanning speach)
- scotoma (blind spot)
