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SC Human Anatomy I > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of NS

A

enables continuous adaptation to internal/external environment,
controls and integrates activities of the body,
effector component of human movement system that governs movement

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2
Q

Composed of:

A

neurons and neuroglia

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3
Q

Neurons

A

base structure and functional units of NS,
allows for rapid communication,
communication through neurotransmiters

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4
Q

Neuroglia

A

5x more adundant than neurons,
nonexcitable,
serve to support, insulate and nourish neurons

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5
Q

types of neurons

A

multipolar motor neuron & pseudounipolar sensory neuron

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6
Q

types of neurolgia in CNS

A

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocyte & ependymal cells

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7
Q

astrocyte cells

A

form matrix and deliver nutrients

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8
Q

microglia cells

A

clean up

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9
Q

oligodendrocytes cells

A

produce myelin, provide support, wrap multiple cells

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10
Q

ependymal cells

A

produce CSF

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11
Q

types of neuroglia in PNS

A

satelite cells & schwann cells

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12
Q

Central NS

A

brain & spinal cord, integrates and coordinates afferent and efferent signals, structured with nuclei and tracts

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13
Q

Gray Matter location of

A

neuron cell bodies of sensory motor and presynaptic visceral motor neurons

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14
Q

White matter location of

A

interconnecting fiber tracts

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15
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater, Pia mater, arachnoid mater

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16
Q

Dura mater

A

thick tough outermost layer

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17
Q

pia mater

A

delicate and transparent innermost layer

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18
Q

arachnoid mater

A

delicate avascular intermediate layer

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19
Q

Peripheral NS

A

NS outside of CNS, anatomically and operationally continuous with CNS

cell bodies collected in ganglion (sensory and motor)

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20
Q

Afferent Neuron

A

sensory of PNS

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21
Q

Efferent Neuron

A

motor of CNS, sends communication to organs

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22
Q

Cranial Nerves has ____ pairs

A

12, 11 arise from brain, 1 from superior spinal cord

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23
Q

Spinal Nerves have ____ pairs

A

31, 8 central, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyx

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24
Q

Anterior ramus

A

motor, supply to anterior trunk, lateral trunk, upper/lower limbs

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25
Q

Posterior ramus

A

sensory, supply nerves to synovial joint of vertebra, back and skin in area

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26
Q

rami that doesn’t form plexus

A

posterior

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27
Q

rami that contains fibers from spinal nerves

A

anterior rami

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28
Q

multiple rami -> ____ -> musculocutaneous nerve

A

plexus

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29
Q

heel innervation level

A

S1-2, tibial

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30
Q

lateral heel innervation level

A

S1-2, sural

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31
Q

lateral plantar innervation level

A

S1-2

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32
Q

Medial plantar innervation level

A

L4-5

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33
Q

saphenous innervation level

A

L3-4

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34
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous innervation level

A

L2-3

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35
Q

Lumboinguinal of genitalfemoral innervation level

A

L1-2

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36
Q

ilioinguinal innervation level

A

L1

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37
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous innervation level

A

L2-3

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38
Q

Common peroneal innervation level

A

L2-3

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39
Q

Superficial peroneal innervation level

A

L4-5

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40
Q

Deep peroneal innervation level

A

L4-5

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41
Q

Anterior femoral cutaneous innervation level

A

L2-3

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42
Q

Iliohypogastric innervation level

A

L1

43
Q

superior cluneal innervation level

A

Post division of S1-3

44
Q

Middle cluneal innervation level

A

post division of S1-3

45
Q

Post femoral cutaneous innervation level

A

S1-3

46
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous innervation level

A

L2-3

47
Q

Superior peroneal innervation level

A

L4-S1

48
Q

Dermatome C5

A

mid-deltoid

49
Q

dermatome C6

A

dorsal aspect of thumb webspace

50
Q

dermatome of C7

A

dorsal aspect of middle finger

51
Q

dermatome of C8

A

medial border of fifth metacarpal

52
Q

dermatome of T1

A

medial forarm

53
Q

dermatome of L1

A

inguinal area

54
Q

dermatome of l2

A

ant mid thigh

55
Q

dermatome of L3

A

medial knee

56
Q

dermatome of l4

A

medial malleolus

57
Q

dermatome of l5

A

distal medial dorsum of foot

58
Q

dermatome of S1

A

lateral boder of foot

59
Q

Dermatome of S2

A

medial/post calcaneus

60
Q

myotome

A

unilateral mass of muscle inervated by motor fibers of single spinal nerve

61
Q

Myotome of C1-2

A

cervical flex

62
Q

myotome of C3

A

cerivcal side bending

63
Q

myotome of C4

A

scap elevation

64
Q

myotome of C5

A

shoulder abd

65
Q

Myotome of C6

A

elbow flex

66
Q

myotome of C7

A

elbow ext

67
Q

Myotome of C8

A

thumb abd

68
Q

Myotome of T1

A

finger abd

69
Q

Myotome of hip flexion

A

L2-3

70
Q

Myotome of knee ext

A

L3-4

71
Q

Myotome of ankle dorsiflex

A

L4-5

72
Q

Myotome of great toe ext

A

L5

73
Q

Myotome of knee flex & ankle eversion

A

L5-S1

74
Q

Myotome of ankle plantar flex

A

S1-2

75
Q

radiculopathy may present

A

muscle weakness, broad less profound effects

76
Q

musculocutaneous nerve injury may present

A

muscle weakness, isolated and profound effects

77
Q

injury with hyperreflexia is

A

CNS

78
Q

injury with hyporeflexia is

A

PNS

79
Q

muscle stretch reflex of L2-4

A

quadriceps

80
Q

muscle stretch reflex of L5

A

medial hamstrings

81
Q

muscle stretch reflex of S1-2

A

gastroc-soleus

82
Q

Nerve fiber types

A

somatic & visceral sensory and motor fibers

83
Q

cell bodies of sensory fibers location

A

spinal or cranial ganglion

84
Q

cell bodies of post synaptic motor neurons (outside CNS) located

A

automatic ganglion

85
Q

somatic sensory nerve fibers

A

afferent from skin, muscles, tendons and joints

enters spinal ganglion of post nerve root

86
Q

somatic motor nerve fibers

A

efferent to skeletal muscles

leaves through ant nerve root

87
Q

visceral sensory nerve fibers

A

afferent from organs

enters spinal ganglion of post nerve root

88
Q

visceral motor nerve fibers

A

efferent to smooth muscle and tissues

leaves through ant nerve root

89
Q

Somatic NS

A

Voluntary, CNS and PNS providing general sensory motor innervation to the body

90
Q

Automatic NS

A

Involuntary, afferent and efferent signals sent to/from viscera to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

91
Q

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic are divisions of

A

ANS, typically contrast in coordinated effects

92
Q

Sympathetic effects of SNS

A

prepare body for fight or flight (catabolic)

93
Q

SNS extends between

A

1st thoracic and 2nd/3rd lumbar segments, “thoracolumbar”

94
Q

SNS Presynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

A

short

95
Q

Postsynaptic cell bodies are found in ___

A

paravertebral and prevertebral ganglion

96
Q

Parasympathetic NS effects

A

promote normal functioning and conserve energy

97
Q

Parasympathetic presynaptic cell bodies are found in

A

brainstem (exit through cranial n), sacral segments of spinal cord (exit through spinal n)

98
Q

Parasympathetic NS presynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

A

long

99
Q

Parasympathetic NS postsynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

A

short

100
Q

SNS Postsynaptic cell bodies are short/long?

A

long

101
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

3rd component fo visceral motor system, “2nd brain”

Functions w/o CNS or Autonomic NS

102
Q

Enteric NS includes:

A

postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons of gastrointestinal tract

103
Q

ENS function

A

integrates with exocrine and endocrine secretion, vasomotion, micromotility and immune activity of the gut

104
Q

ENS visceral afferent fibers provide

A

info about condition of body’s internal environment, can trigger visceral/somatic reflexes

can produce conscious perceptions of pain, cramps, hunger, fullness, nausea

SC Human Anatomy I (5 decks)

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