Nervous System

Question 1

Spinal Cord

Answer 1

Simple reflexes

• controls someone stretch and tendon reflexes
• controls primitive processes such as walking, urination, and sec organ function

Question 2

Medulla

Answer 2

Part of hindbrain/rhombencephalon

Involuntary functions

• controls autonomic processes such as blood pressure, blood flow, heart rate, respiratory rate, swallowing, vomiting
• controls reflex reactions such as coughing or sneezing
• relays sensory information to the cerebellum and the thalamus

Question 3

Pons

Answer 3

Part of Hindbrain/rhombencephalon

Relay station and balance

• controls antigravity posture and balance
• connects the spinal cord and medulla with upper regions of the brain
• relays information to the cerebellum and thalamus

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

Part of hindbrain/rhombencephalon

Movement coordination

• integrating center
• coordination of complex movement, balance, and posture, muscle tone, spatial equilibrium

Question 5

Midbrain/mesencephalon

Answer 5

Eye movement

• integration of visual and auditory information
• visual and auditory reflexes
• wakefulness and consciousness
• coordinates information on posture and muscle tone

Question 6

Thalamus

Answer 6

Part of forebrain—> diencephalon

Integrating center and relay station

• relay center for somatic (conscious) sensation
• relays information between the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

Part of forebrain–> diencephalon

Homesostasis and behavior

• controls homeostatic functions (ie. temperature, fluid balance, appetite) through both nerual and hormonal regulation
• -controls primitive emotions suchs as anger, rage, sex drive
• controls the pituitary gland

Question 8

Brainstem

Answer 8

has important processing centers and relays information to or from the cerebellum and cerebrum

functions with the medulle, pons, and midbrain

Question 9

diencephalon

Answer 9

part of the forebrain

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 10

telencephalon

Answer 10

part of the forebrain

includes:

• cerebral hemispheres connected by corpus callosum
• cerebrum (cerebral cortex/grey matter + white matter)

Question 11

grey matter

Answer 11

somas

Question 12

white matter

Answer 12

myelinated axons

Question 13

corpus callosum

Answer 13

connection

connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

cerebral cortex

Answer 14

has 4 lobes:
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital

Question 15

frontal lobe

Answer 15

• initiate all voluntary movement

- involved in complex reasonging skills and problem solving

Question 16

parietal lobe

Answer 16

-involved in general sensations (ie touch, temperature, pressure, vibration, etc) and in gustation

Question 17

temporal lobe

Answer 17

• proces auditory and olfactory sensation

- involved in short-term memory, language, language comprehension, emotion

Question 18

occipital lobe

Answer 18

process visual information

Question 19

basal nuclei/basal ganglia/cerebral nuclei

Answer 19

movement

• regulate body movement and muscle tone
• coordination of learned movement patterns
• general pattern of rhythm movements (ie controlling cycle of arm and leg movements when walking)
• subconscious adjustments of conscious movements

Question 20

limbic system

Answer 20

includes the amygdala, cingulate gyrus, the hippocampus

emotions, memory, and learning

• controls emotional states
• links conscious and unconscious portions of the brain
• helps with memory storage and retrieval

Question 21

cerebral cortex

Answer 21

perception, skeletal muscle movement, memory, attention, thought, language, consciousness

• divided into 4 lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) with specialized subfunctions
• conscious thought processes and planning, awareness, and sensation
• perception and processing of the special senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch)
• intellectual function (intelligence, learning, reading, communication)
• abstract thought and reasoning
• memory storage and retrieval
• initiation and coordination of voluntary movement
• complex motor patterns
• language (speech production and understanding)
• personality