Nervous System Flashcards
3 parts of the brainstem
midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
what are the 3 fissures in the cerebrum
longitudinal, lateral, transveres
what does the longitudinal fissure seperate
left and right
what does the lateral fissure seperate
cerebellum and the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe
what does the transverse lobe seperate
cerebellum from the cerebrum
what are cerebral gyri
coiled structures
what are cerebral sulci
grooves
what are deeps sulci called
fissures
how many lobes is the cortex divided into
5
what does the frontal lobe do
movement and motor control, personality, mood, motivation
what does the parietal lobe do
recieves sensory info
what does the occipital lobe do
visual
what does the temportal lobe do
hearing and memory
what are the primary areas of the brain
motor cortex,sensory cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex
what are the secondary areas and what do they do
brocas region- language expression
wernickes reagion- language comprehension
frontal- judgement, motor planning and personality
visual association- auditory memories, object recognition
posterior- spatial awareness of surroundings
What is the 5th lobe?
the limbic system, basic survival functions like memory, reproduction, nutrition, motivation and emotions
What protects the brain and how
Cranium/skull- hard
Meninges- layers containing CSF
CSF- suspends the brian allowing movement
Blood-brain barrier- protects from microorganisms and toxins
what is the structures of the meninges?
dura, arachnoid and pia mater. the pia form 2 grooves called the fals cerbri and tentorium cerebelli. subdural space between the dura and arachnoids. space betweeen arachnoid and pia called the subarachnoid space (filled with CSF)
Which is the biggest ventricle
lateral
where is the 3rd ventricle and what is it attached to
in the middle of the brain, attached to the 4th ventricles which attaches to the mesencephaluc aqueduct
what does the 4th ventrical connect to?
central canal
what forsm CSF?
choroid plexus
what moves the CSF a
epenedymal cells
what are some parts of the basal ganglie
striatum: putamen, caudate nuclei and globus pallidus
that does the thalamus do?
tells signals where to go
what does the corpus callosum do
connects hemispheres and relays information between them
what does the midbrain do
reaction to stimuli
what does the pons do
sleep and respiration
what does the medulla do
coordinate movement
what does the cerebrum do
coordinates movements
what are the types of important cell
- astrocytes
- microglia
- neurone
- myelin sheath
- oligodendrocytes
what is the PNS divided into
somatic and autonomic
what is the somatic NS and how many motor neurones does it have
NS we control and 1 motor neurone
what is the autonimic nervous systema nd how many nerves does it have
we can’t control it and it is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic. there is a ganglion between pre and post ganglionic neurones
what is the SNS responsible for
fight or flight
whats is the PNS responsible for
rest and digest
what’s the different between sensory neuroones, motor neurones and interneurones
sensory neurone- recieves info
motor neuron- goes to the effector
interneurone- sits in-between them
what are the 3 different structural classifications of neurones
multipolar, bipolar and pseudo-unipolar
what are multipolar neurones
many branches from the cell body
most common
what are bipolar neurones
2 branches from one axon. usuall found in specisl organs like eyes/retina
what are pseuo-unipolar neurones
once branch coming out that then branches into 2. can only be sensory cells
what are the 2 glial cells in the PNS
satellite cells along the ganglion and swann cells along the axon
which nerves are mainly in the sympathetic NS
mainly thoracic and lumbar areas
which nerves are mainly in the PSN
cranial
what neurotransmitters does SNS release and what is the exception
Ach then noradrenaline. Exception is sweat glands
What neurotransmitters does PNS release
Ach
what is dual innervation?
systems can be innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic but with opposite affects
What type or neurone is mainly in the CNS (GABA or Glu)
GABA
