Nervous System

Question 1

What is in the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What is in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 2

Somatic and Autonomic nerves

Question 3

What are somatic nerves?

Answer 3

Sensory and motor nerves

Question 4

What are autonomic nerves?

Answer 4

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Question 5

What is the functional nerve cell? The non-functional?

Answer 5

Support cells(neuroglia) support and metabolize for nerve cells. Neurons conduct electrochemical impulses,.

Question 6

What is the axon?

Answer 6

Projections of the cell body cytoplasm that conduct impulses to other nerves.

Question 7

Name the parts of the neuron.

Answer 7

Cell body, dendrite, axon (neurilemma, nodes of Ranvier, myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons) nerve endings. Nerve endings = telodendria, axon terminals, synaptic knobs

Question 8

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 8

Sensory(afferent), Interneurons(association), motor(efferent).

Question 9

What does the sodium-potassium pump do?

Answer 9

Uses active transport to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Question 10

What are the different states of a neuron?

Answer 10

Diffusion( set up), action(impulse), depolarization(charge reversal), repolarization(return to resting state)

Question 11

What is the threshold and how is it linked to the All Or None response?

Answer 11

The threshold is the minimum level the stimulus must meet to start an action potential. The all or none response states that the stimuli must meet the threshold or no impulse will be sent. If the stimulus meets the threshold, it will always produce the same effect even if the sensation is stronger.

Question 12

What are the parts of the brain?

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus,cerebrum.

Question 13

What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebellum?

Answer 13

The cerebrum is the 2 hemispheres and controls voluntary muscle control, intelligence, memory, information synthesis and personality.
The cerebellum controls motor coordination and balance and provides reflex skeletal muscle construction.

Question 14

What is the pons?

Answer 14

The bridge between the brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

What does the medulla oblongata control?

Answer 15

Vital reflexes.

Question 16

What are the lobes of the brain and what does each one control?

Answer 16

Frontal lobe=motor skills, speech, thought and personality.
Parietal=touch, taste, emotions
Temporal= vision, auditory recollection, smell, sounding out unfamiliar words
Occipital= vision.

Question 17

What do the right and left side of your brain control and do?

Answer 17

Right= controls left side and is artistic, spatial awareness, creative, holistic
Left= controls right side of weapon, logical, linguistic, math

Question 18

What connects the left and right side of the brain?

Answer 18

Corpus callosum. The left and right sides of the brain can’t coordinate with out it.

Question 19

What is the spinal cord made of?

Answer 19

The outer part of the spine is myelinated interneurons while the inner region is unmyelinated.

Question 20

What are the five types of receptors and what do they detect?

Answer 20

Mechanoreceptor(baroreceptor)= detects touch/pressure
Proprioreceptor= detects stretches in muscle fibres
Chemoreceptors= detects chemical molecules(taste)
Thermoreceptors= detect changes in temperature
Photoreceptor= detect visible light

Question 21

What are the parts of the eye?

Answer 21

Conjunction, cillary muscle, aqueous humor, pupil, cornea, iris, cillary ligaments, lens, vitreous humor, fovea centralis, optic nerve, blindspot, sclera, choroid layer, retina.

Question 22

What is the fovea centralis?

Answer 22

most sensitive part of eye, packed with cones and surrounded by rods.

Question 23

What is the blindspot?

Answer 23

Where the optic nerve joins the retina. This area has no rods or cones to receive visual stimuli.

Question 24

What are the three types of mechanoreceptors in the ear?

Answer 24

Soundwave, Orientation, Motion.

Question 25

Name the parts of the ear.

Answer 25

Outer Ear: Pinna, auditory canal, ceruminous glands
Middle Ear: Tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, Ossicles
Inner Ear: Oval window, Organ of Corti(basilar membrane, tectorial membrane) round window, Vestibule, Semicircular canals, Saccule and utricle.