Nervous System Flashcards
What is in the Central Nervous System?
The brain and spinal cord
What is in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Somatic and Autonomic nerves
What are somatic nerves?
Sensory and motor nerves
What are autonomic nerves?
sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
What is the functional nerve cell? The non-functional?
Support cells(neuroglia) support and metabolize for nerve cells. Neurons conduct electrochemical impulses,.
What is the axon?
Projections of the cell body cytoplasm that conduct impulses to other nerves.
Name the parts of the neuron.
Cell body, dendrite, axon (neurilemma, nodes of Ranvier, myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons) nerve endings. Nerve endings = telodendria, axon terminals, synaptic knobs
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory(afferent), Interneurons(association), motor(efferent).
What does the sodium-potassium pump do?
Uses active transport to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
What are the different states of a neuron?
Diffusion( set up), action(impulse), depolarization(charge reversal), repolarization(return to resting state)
What is the threshold and how is it linked to the All Or None response?
The threshold is the minimum level the stimulus must meet to start an action potential. The all or none response states that the stimuli must meet the threshold or no impulse will be sent. If the stimulus meets the threshold, it will always produce the same effect even if the sensation is stronger.
What are the parts of the brain?
Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus,cerebrum.
What is the difference between the cerebrum and the cerebellum?
The cerebrum is the 2 hemispheres and controls voluntary muscle control, intelligence, memory, information synthesis and personality.
The cerebellum controls motor coordination and balance and provides reflex skeletal muscle construction.
What is the pons?
The bridge between the brain and spinal cord.
What does the medulla oblongata control?
Vital reflexes.
What are the lobes of the brain and what does each one control?
Frontal lobe=motor skills, speech, thought and personality.
Parietal=touch, taste, emotions
Temporal= vision, auditory recollection, smell, sounding out unfamiliar words
Occipital= vision.
What do the right and left side of your brain control and do?
Right= controls left side and is artistic, spatial awareness, creative, holistic Left= controls right side of weapon, logical, linguistic, math
What connects the left and right side of the brain?
Corpus callosum. The left and right sides of the brain can’t coordinate with out it.
What is the spinal cord made of?
The outer part of the spine is myelinated interneurons while the inner region is unmyelinated.
What are the five types of receptors and what do they detect?
Mechanoreceptor(baroreceptor)= detects touch/pressure Proprioreceptor= detects stretches in muscle fibres Chemoreceptors= detects chemical molecules(taste) Thermoreceptors= detect changes in temperature Photoreceptor= detect visible light
What are the parts of the eye?
Conjunction, cillary muscle, aqueous humor, pupil, cornea, iris, cillary ligaments, lens, vitreous humor, fovea centralis, optic nerve, blindspot, sclera, choroid layer, retina.
What is the fovea centralis?
most sensitive part of eye, packed with cones and surrounded by rods.
What is the blindspot?
Where the optic nerve joins the retina. This area has no rods or cones to receive visual stimuli.
What are the three types of mechanoreceptors in the ear?
Soundwave, Orientation, Motion.
Name the parts of the ear.
Outer Ear: Pinna, auditory canal, ceruminous glands
Middle Ear: Tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, Ossicles
Inner Ear: Oval window, Organ of Corti(basilar membrane, tectorial membrane) round window, Vestibule, Semicircular canals, Saccule and utricle.
