Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the two types of hormones and how does each type affect cells?
Steroid hormones are soluble in fat(not water) and enter the cell through the phospholipid layer. (Sex hormones and cortisol)
Protein hormones are soluble in water and can’t enter the cell easily. They have to attach to receptors on the outside of the cell and initiate reactions inside the cell this way using AMP.
Which structure in the brain is responsible for hormone control?
The hypothalamus.
What is the structure connected to the hypothalamus and what are the two parts of it called?
The pituitary gland. Anterior and posterior lobes.
Which hormones are produced by the Anterior lobe? Posterior?
Anterior: Growth Hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, prolactin, melanocyte stimulating hormone, interstitial cell stimulating hormone.
Posterior: Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone.
What part of the adrenal glands does ACTH stimulate?
It stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
Which hormone is only found in males?
Interstitial cell stimulating hormone. (ICSH)
What mechanism controls the secretions of hormones?
Negative feedback loop.
What hormones are released by the Thyroid gland and what hormone stimulates it?
Thyroxin is released by the thyroid gland and stimulates the release of calcitonin, which is the direct antagonist to parathyroid hormone. The thyroid gland is stimulated by Thyroid stimulating hormone.
What functions are controlled by the Thyroid gland?
Metabolism of every cell in the human body except for adult brain, testes, spleen, uterus and thyroid gland itself.
What hormone is released by the parathyroid gland and what does it do?
The parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone(you better not mess this up) and it targets the kidney tubules, intestine and skeleton. It also breaks breaks down bones to produce more calcium in the blood.
What are the two structures of the adrenal glands and what does each one produce?
Adrenal medulla: Adrenalin(epinephrine), noradrenalin(norepinephirine), dopamine.
Adrenal cortex: Aldosterone, cortisol.
Which cells in the pancreas secrete endocrine hormones and what are these hormones?
Islets of Langerhans produce Insulin from their beta cells and glucagon from their alpha cells.
What is the difference between Insulin and Glucagon?
Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver, insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver.
What does CCK digest and where is it found?
CCK digests fats and is found in the Duodenum.
What are the two possible places for estrogen and progesterone to be produced?
The ovaries and the placenta when it forms.
