nervous system

Question 1

_________ neurons are important in reflex regulation and influence efferent action

Answer 1

Afferent

Question 2

_______ neurons carry impulses from CNS to effector organs

Answer 2

Efferent

Question 3

these neurons are Short and end in ganglia

Answer 3

Sympathetic Preganglionic neurons

Question 4

these neurons Originate in CNS and emerge from thoracic and lumbar regions

Answer 4

Sympathetic Preganglionic neurons

Question 5

these neurons Originate in ganglia

Answer 5

Sympathetic Postganglionic neurons

Question 6

these neurons are

Long and end at effector organs

Answer 6

Sympathetic Postganglionic neurons

Question 7

this only gets preganglionic innervation and secretes hormones in blood

Answer 7

adrenal medulla

Question 8

these neurons Originate in CNS (CN III, VII, IX, X) and sacral region

Answer 8

Parasympathetic Preganglionic neurons

Question 9

these neurons are Long and terminate on or near effector organs

Answer 9

Parasympathetic Preganglionic neurons

Question 10

these neurons Originate in ganglia and are

Short and terminate at effector organs

Answer 10

Parasympathetic Postganglionic neurons

Question 11

what Innervate the GIT, pancreas, and gallbladder

Answer 11

Enteric Neurons

Question 12

Enteric Neurons Functions independently of the ____

Answer 12

CNS

Question 13

Enteric Neurons controls

Answer 13

Motility
Exocrine secretion
Endocrine secretion
Microcirculation

Question 14

Enteric Neurons are Modulated by both________.

Answer 14

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 15

Sympathetic Nervous System stimulation

Answer 15

Increase HR and BP
Mobilize energy stores
Increase blood flow to skeletal muscle and heart
Divert blood from skin and internal organs
Dilation of pupils
Dilation of bronchioles
Other in GIT and sex organs

Question 16

nervous system that Adjusts for stressful situations

Answer 16

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 17

The sympathetic system tends to function as a___ and often discharges as a complete system

Answer 17

unit

Question 18

Sympathetic Nervous System -Reactions triggered by direct stimulation of sympathetic activation and _____

Answer 18

adrenal medulla

Question 19

does the PNS discharge as a complete system

Answer 19

never

Question 20

what system does the following:

Maintains homeostasis

Usually opposes/balances the sympathetic system

“Rest and digest” response

Answer 20

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 21

ANS is a “motor” system and requires _____ input.

This feedback comes from viscera and other autonomically innervated structures

Answer 21

sensory

Question 22

in ANS, Most reflex responses do not require _______ control

Answer 22

conscious

Question 23

Most organs have___ innervation (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Answer 23

dual

Question 24

Do both the sympathetic and parasympathetic provide equal stimulation in a given situation?

Answer 24

One system usually predominates in any given situation

Question 25

examples that only have sympathetic innervation

Answer 25

``` Adrenal medulla Kidney Pilomotor muscles Sweat glands Vascular pressure (virtually no participation by parasympathetic system) ```

Question 26

Sympathetic sites of origin

Answer 26

thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord

Question 27

parasympathetic sites of origin

Answer 27

brain and sacral areas of the spinal cord

Question 28

Sympathetic length of fibers

Answer 28

short preganglionic | long postganglionic

Question 29

parasympathetic length of fibers

Answer 29

long preganglionic | short postganglionic

Question 30

location of ganglia in sympathetic system

Answer 30

close to spinal cord

Question 31

location of ganglia in parasympathetic system

Answer 31

within or near effector organs

Question 32

preganglionic fiber branching in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 32

extensive

Question 33

preganglionic fiber branching in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 33

minimal

Question 34

sympathetic nervous system distribution

Answer 34

wide

Question 35

parasympathetic nervous system distribution

Answer 35

minimal

Question 36

sympathetic nervous system type of response

Answer 36

diffuse

Question 37

parasympathetic nervous system type of response

Answer 37

discrete

Question 38

Hormones are | Secreted into blood via _____ cells- Action is widely distributed

Answer 38

endocrine

Question 39

these are Chemical secreted by tissues. Action is on immediate environment surrounding secreting tissues--Do not enter blood

Answer 39

Local mediators

Question 40

______ are distinct anatomical units with no structural continuity

Answer 40

Neurons

Question 41

neurons Require release of ______ at nerve terminals to communicate with other neurons or effector organs

Answer 41

neurotransmitters

Question 42

NT Release is triggered by ______ which leads to membrane depolarization

Answer 42

action potential

Question 43

Increase in intracellular Ca2+ initiates fusion of vesicles (containing neurotransmitters) and release of their contents into _____.

Answer 43

synaptic cleft

Question 44

Once the neurotransmitter is released, it diffuses across the ______.

Answer 44

synaptic cleft

Question 45

Once the neurotransmitter is released, it diffuses across the synaptic cleft. It can then react with receptors on the _______.

Answer 45

postsynaptic OR presynaptic neuron

Question 46

neurotransmitters do not diffuse through cell membranes…they need _____ to have an action

Answer 46

receptors

Question 47

common Neurotransmitters

Answer 47

``` Norepinephrine (NE) [and closely related epinephrine (Epi)] Acetylcholine (ACh) Dopamine (DA) Serotonin (5-HT) Histamine γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glutamate ```

Question 48

ANS fibers can be divided into 2 groups based on _____of the neurotransmitter released

Answer 48

chemical nature

Question 49

If mediated by ACh: neuron termed ______.

Answer 49

cholinergic

Question 50

When NE or Epi is transmitter, the neuron is termed ____.

Answer 50

adrenergic